ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Nations

CFL

Compact FluorescentLamp

CNEE

The Cambodia National Strategy and Action Plan on Energy Efficiency

ECCJ

Energy Conservation Center Japan

EE

EnergyEfficieny

EEIRC

Energy Efficiency Information Resource Centre

EE&C

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

ESCO

Energy Service Company

GDP

Gross DomesticProduct

GWh

Giga Watt hour

HH

Household

HSI

Household Scale Industry

IEA

International Energy Agency

kWh

Kilo Watt hour

LPG

Liquified Petroleum Gas

NGO

Non-Governmental Organisation

NSDP

National Strategic Development Plan

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

RGC

Royal GovernmentofCambodia

SME

Small and Medium Enterprises

SFM

Sustainable Forest Management

TOE

Ton of oil equivalent

TWh

Tera Watt hour

USD

US-Dollar

GDP per capita multiplied by 3 from 1999 to 2011

From 2004 to 2007, the economy of Cambodia grew by more than 10% per year, contracted slightly in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown but climbed back up to 6% in 2010 and 6.9% in 2011, driven by tourism and renewed exports. From 1999 until 2011, the real GDP per capita has more than tripled and the Economic Institute of Cambodia expects that the economic growth trend will continue with the real GDP growing by 6.2% in 2012.

Electricityconsumptionmultiplied by 4.5

While the economic growth tripled within 12 years, the electricity consumption multiplied by 4.5 in only 9 years: From 2002 to 2011, the annual electricity demand growth rate in the country was 16.3%. As the energy demand in Phnom Penh grew a bit faster with an average growth

from2002to 2011

rate of 17% during the same period, the share of the City of Phnom Penh in the total electricity demand was further increasing (multiplied by 4.8 since 2002) covering now at least 80% of the country’s total electricity consumption.

Cambodia's power consumption is forecast to rise to 3.4TWh by the end of 2020, representing an average annual growth of 9.4% until 2020.1

Primaryenergy supply and CO2 emissionsdoubledover 10 years

Total primary energy supply in 2009 amounted to 5.2 million tons of oil equivalent2, of which 71.7% was biomass and 28.2% was imported oil. Only

0.1 % was hydropower.3

In the same year, CO2 emissions from energy consumption amounted to 3.93 million tons of CO2. Both figures primary energy consumption as well as CO2 emission at least doubled over the past ten years.4

Powersupplymainlydepending onimports

In 2011, 45% of the total national electricity demand of 2,674 GWh was covered by imports from Thailand, Vietnam and Lao PDR. The country’s own power generation is depending mainly on imported Heavy Fuel Oil (93%). Hydropower and coal contribute with a bit more than 3% each, while biomass contributes less than 1% to power generation.5

In the long term, it is expected that along with the increasing power demand, the fuel mix will change in a way which makes coal the main fuel for power generation, followed by hydropower.6

High electricity costlimiting economicdevelopment

Due to the high cost of imported diesel fuels and the fragmented power supply systems, energy prices in Cambodia are among the highest in the region. In summer 2011, electricity prices in Cambodia were:7

„ Phnom  Penh:  0.18  USD/kWh  for  households,  0.19  USD/kWh  for businesses

„ Other grid-connected towns and urban areas: 0.25 - 0.40 USD/kWh

„ Rural areas (mostly diesel generators): 0.50 - 1 USD/kWh

„ Battery (car batteries) charging stations (diesel - to be found in 35% of rural villages): up to 4 USD/kWh

The Royal Government recognises that the high cost of electricity and inadequate supply significantly limits economic growth and hinders the country from attracting investments and stimulating economic activities.8

Powergridsconcentrated on major cities

According to MIME/EdC, in 2011 the national electrification increased to 34%. The households in urban areas were almost 100% electrified, but only 14% of the rural households have access to grid electricity and about 50% have access to alternative off-grid electricity sources. Areas with no access to electricity still use candles and kerosene for lighting. 9

2006: The Royal Government of Cambodia establishes a policy for long term energy security

On January 27, 2006, the Royal Government of Cambodia firstly approved the National Strategic Development Plan which is known as NSDP 2006- 2010 and includes strategies and actions on the Energy Sector and Electricity10. NSDP 2006-2010 envisages a long term energy security for the country and recommends the development of a 15-Year Cambodia Energy Strategy 2006-202011. The medium term strategy for the energy sector in the NSDP 2006-2010 does not mention any strategy on energy efficiency except concerning energy supply and low cost considerations12.

2008:PrimeMinisterHun Se Establishes Energy Saving Measures in all ministries

In 2008 a circular on the Implementation of Electricity Saving Measures has been issued by Prime Minister Hun Sen related to Energy Efficiency13. The circular requires all ministries and public institutions at all levels to participate in a Program on Electricity Saving Consumption in order to save the national budget. The electricity saving measures are determined in the circular as follows:

„ Air Conditionings shall be turned on at 25 degree Celsius,

„ Air Conditionings shall be turned off 30 minutes prior to leaving the office,

„ Fans can be turned on in rooms equipped with air conditioning only in case of necessity to avoid fading away cool air,

„ Do  not  plug  in  computers,  printers  or  copy  machines  without usages,

„ Plug out all devices when stopping usage,

„ Use sunlight from the window by all means, avoiding closure of window curtains and usage of electricity instead of sunlight,

„ Use lamps efficiently which can save and consume electricity but

set the same bright/light,

„ All public lighting except on national holidays shall use only one side of lamp or turn on only half of the lamps,

„ All public lighting shall turn on and off at necessary time by avoiding lighting when it is not dark and in the morning that has sunlight but the public lighting is not yet turned off,

„ Do not turn on electricity if not necessary.

The circular requires MIME to issue detailed guidelines on electricity saving and the Ministry of Information to cooperate with MIME to disseminate via radio, TV and newspapers widely to all electricity consumers appropriate methods of saving energy.

2010: Commitment to mitigate adverse effects of energy consumption on environment and society

NSDP 2006-2010 was updated by the RGC, adopted by the National Assembly, reviewed by the Senate and promulgated by the King on June 30, 2010 and became the Law on the Adoption of the National Strategic Development Plan NSDP 2009-201314. NSDP 2009-2013 enshrines the commitment of the Royal Government of Cambodia to mitigate adverse effects of energy consumption on environment and society by the implementation of energy projects while safeguarding economic efficiency of each project. Attention will also be paid to capacity building and institutional reform in the Electricity Authority of Cambodia (EAC), Electricite du Cambodge (EdC) and other relevant ministries and agencies to improve management efficiency and the quality of electricity supply15. NSDP 2009-2013 also includes planned actions to implement the prioritized policies related to energy such as

„ Developing a policy and a legal and regulatory framework for the energy sector in order to ensure efficient management and resources utilization for the economic development and improvement in livelihoods of the Cambodian people; and

„ Encouraging the efficient use of energy with minimal impact on the environment16. In spite of the energy efficiency concept being included in NSDP 2009-2013, no specific sector is mentioned.

2008-2013:The

RectangularStrategyPhase II hasbeenreaffirmed as socio- economic policy agenda of the RGC, focusing on economic growth and environmental sustainability

The RGC has recognizedandprioritizedenergyandclimatechange as main tasks in the second phase of its “Rectangular Strategy” for growth, employment, equity and efficiency, based on the four pillars:

„ Enhancement of the agricultural sector

„ Enforcement of the physical infrastructure

„ Capacity building and human resource development and

„ Generation of employment by private sector development.

The Government’s Rectangular Strategy Phase II and the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) provide a broad roadmap to Green Growth by improved governance, increased public investments in rural areas and support to the economic development17

As a result of this effort, the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC)

ENERGY SAVING POTENTIALS BY (SUB)SECTOR

(Sub) Sector

min

Max

average

Comments

Rice mills

upto

70%

35%

Substitution of fossil fuels by rice husk gasification

Garment industry

20%

35%

28%

More efficient wood boilers Application of thermal insulation More efficient sewing machines

Ice factories

25%

Introduction of biomass gasifiers

Food industry

15%

20%

18%

Replacement of inefficient lights Replacement of inefficient air compression

Rubber factories

25%

Improvement of drying process, use of more efficient electrical motors

Brick factories

upto

70%

35%

Replacement of tunnel kilns by vertical shaft kilns

Improvement of brick molding

Commercial buildings

20%

30%

25%

According to international benchmarks. No comprehensive data on energy consumption of buildings in Cambodia are available.

Charcoal production

30%

40%

35%

By making use of more efficient kilns such as the Yoshimura

Kiln, tested by GERES

Domestic cooking

upto

50%

25%

By making use of improved stoves tested and introduced by GERES

REE

upto

80%

40%

Corresponding to the reduction of generation and distribution losses of REE’s

Residential electricity for household appliances

upto

50%

25%

According to international labeling schemes for household appliances 

CALCULATIONOF THE EE POLICY TARGET

Average energy saving potential by sector

Weight on total energy consumption

Weighted energy saving potential by sector

Policy implementation/impact target

Impact (composition) of total energy saving target of 20% by 2035

Industry

28%

0,10

2,80%

0,80

2,24%

Buildings

25%

0,16

4,11%

0,40

1,65%

End user products

25%

0,16

3,88%

0,95

3,68%

Biomass

30%

0,53

15,90%

0,75

11,93%

REE

40%

0,02

0,94%

0,90

0,85%

0,97

28%

0,76

20,34% 

CALCULATION OF THE EE POLICY TARGET

Industry

Buildings

Enduserproducts

Biomass

REE

TOTAL

Average energy saving potential by sector

28%

25%

25%

30%

40%

Weight on total energy consumption

0,10

0,16

0,16

0,53

0,02

0,97

Weighted energy saving potential by sector

2,80%

4,11%

3,88%

15,90%

0,94%

28%

Policy implementation/impacttarget

0,80

0,40

0,95

0,75

0,90

0,76

Impact (composition) of total energy saving target of 20% by 2035

2,24%

1,65%

3,68%

11,93%

0,85%

20,34%

ENERGY SAVED

ktoe

130

108

221

680

51

1190

COMPOSITION OF SAVINGS PER FUEL

Biomass

680

680

Electricity, generated by heavy fuel oil (ktoe)

29

80

221

0

330

Diesel

101

28

0

51

180

Fuel Type

Amount (ktoe)

World Market Price

2012 (US$/ton)21

Savings (thousand US$)

Heavy        Fuel        Oil (Electricity Generation)

330,00

560

184.800,00

Diesel

180,00

750

135.000,00

TOTAL

510,00

318.800,00

MIME appointed national coordinator for EE in Cambodia

It is essential to have one core institution responsible for the overall coordination of all EE activities in Cambodia. It is suggested that MIME will be the national coordinator of the Energy Efficiency Policy and Action Plan implementation.

Focalpointsareestablished

MIME as the responsible ministry will establish a system of national, regional and sectorial focal points and appoint for each focal point a responsible chairperson with an appropriate mandate to coordinate the specific activities of this focal point and to be in constant exchange with the other focal points.

The focal points should be composed of representatives of the involved and affected stakeholder groups from the public, and the private sector. The most important stakeholders are presented exemplary in the figure below. Key Actors will include policy makers; Primary Actors consists of relevant beneficiaries and implementers; among Secondary Actors are stakeholders relevant for enforcement, consulting, academia and the banking sector. When it comes to establishing a network to support the working groups, the stakeholder list presented in the introductory section provides a more complete overview that can be used.

PilotPhase

Once a working group is established and equipped with the appropriate responsibilities and mandates it shall start to prioritize the actions of the action plan. The first year will function as a pilot phase with a particular emphasis to establish an appropriate, well-functioning and effective working and cooperation framework for the working groups.

Cross Cutting Issues

For all five identified priority areas, some crucial cross cutting issues have been identified that are equally important for each sector and must be addressed by MIME and the focal points:

„ Comprehensive  energy  data  collection  procedures  and  analysis systems

„ Awareness   raising,   education   and   knowledge   about   energy efficiency

„ Appropriate legal and financial framework conditions

„ Inter-institutional and regional cooperation and networking

„ Establishment   of   an   “Energy   Efficiency   Information   Resource Centre” at MIME

#

StrategicObjective

Outcome

Rationale

1

TheEnergyEfficiencyof the industrial sector is improved

The energy intensity per unit of production is reduced

By means of reducing the specific energy consumption of industrial production processes, the energy costs in industry can be reduced by at least 20% (garment industry) up to 70% (brick production), depending on changes in behaviour and on the replacement of inefficient equipment.

2

Capacitybuildinginthe field of EE&C in industry is strengthened

Owners and managers of factories are trained in energy management and apply its principles

Most managers and owners of factories are not aware that a substantial amount of energy and thus money can be saved at their plant. They need to be taught and shown how to achieve those savings.

For achieving this, it is recommended to support the development of energy service companies (ESCO’s), the technical training of engineers and technicians in the field of energy conservation for performing energy audits and implement energy saving solutions in the industry and the support of local development and manufacturing of energy efficient equipment.

3

Attentionof factory owners/managers about EE is raised

The owners and                It is recommended to establish a working group among managers of factories Industrial  Associations  to  facilitate  the  exchange  of are interested in              information and know how concerning energy efficiency knowing more about      in industrial processes.

energy conservation The activities to be implemented are awareness raising measures and are            campaigns about EE&C, providing financial incentives for ready to implement the implementation of energy efficient  solutions  and energy saving                    support, especially to SME industrial companies, for solutions                             auditing of their facilities and implementation of energy

saving solutions.

#

StrategicObjective

Outcome

Rationale

1

Energyefficiencyof end-user products has increased and residential electricity consumption is reduced

Energy efficiency of end user products is improved

At present there are no energy efficiency standards available in Cambodia and the end user does not get any information on the energy efficiency of household appliances available in the market. It is therefore recommended that the energy consumption of energy consuming household appliances is tested by certified testing laboratories and labelled according to an approved labelling system. According to the experiences in other ASEAN countries and in Europe, by means of these measures energy savings of up to 50% can be achieved in the residential energy consumption.

2

Themarket share of energy efficient resid- ential appliances has increased

End users select more energy efficient products and reduce their energy consumption accordingly

There is no information available from retailers concerning the specific energy consumption of household appliances. Once the labelling system is introduced, consumers must be informed about the advantages of energy  efficient appliances by means of publicity campaigns and advertisements in public media.

3

Endusers are aware of the concept of energy efficiency and behave accordingly

End users change       At  present  there  is  a  lack  of  knowledge  about  energy their behaviour          efficiency on all levels. Education programs must therefore and use their              be   developed   and   implemented   into   school   curricula. electrical                       Publicity campaigns must be broadcasted by radio and TV appliances in a            and be published in newspapers to inform the great public more efficient             about  the  concept  of  energy  efficiency  and  the  saving

way                               potentials that can be realized by the appropriate utilisation of electrical appliances, avoiding any wasteful consumption

of electricity.

#

StrategicObjective

Outcome

Rationale

1

Energyefficiencyof new buildings is improved

An energy efficiency building code for new buildings is established

An energy efficiency building code is widely regarded as the most effective way to reduce energy consumption in buildings. There is relatively little or no cost to improve the design of new buildings, to make them inherently more energy efficient, before they are built. Once a building is built, changes become more difficult and expensive. An energy efficiency building code specifies these energy efficient designs.

2

Energyefficiencyinexistingbuildingsis improved

An Energy Manager Certification program is established

Energy efficiency of existing buildings can be improved in the most cost effective manner by careful attention to the operation of the building. An onsite energy manager can both monitor building equipment, such as air-conditioners and boilers, and manage the habits of building occupants e.g. turning off lights when not in use. Furthermore, the building energy manager can report energy data and energy saving strategies that are valuable for policy making.

3

Energyefficiencyinpublicbuildingsis improved

A green standard is applied to all new public buildings

A green standard is chosen for government buildings because it is in government’s power to subscribe to a higher standard than energy efficiency codes and lead the way for Cambodia. An added benefit is addressing wider environmental concerns, such as building waste in landfills and water consumption. Also, these standards are already written, such the LOTUS in Viet Nam, and thus can be implemented relatively quickly. A model program is the United States’ Government Service Administration (GSA) which has made the Green Building Council’s LEED green standard a requirement for all federal government buildings.

#

StrategicObjective

Outcome

Rationale

4

Educationand awareness of energy efficiency in buildings has increased

Classes and information for building professionals and the public

Architecture students are provided the necessary fundamentals to understand energy efficiency issues when in professional practice. Professional architects have the training and information needed to improve energy efficiency in building designs. And the public becomes informed so that they demand energy efficient buildings as clients.

#

StrategicObjective

Outcome

Rationale

1

Rural energy entrepreneurs (REEs) operate more efficient businesses

Rural energy entrepreneurs (REEs) can provide their energy services more efficiently and at lower costs

To improve energy efficiency of rural electricity supply, the two most urgent priorities are introducing and enforcing standards on electricity generation and distribution and training of REEs in operating their systems more effectively. Rural energy entrepreneurs (REEs) generate and/or distribute electricity across much of Cambodia. Although some guideline standards apply to licensed REEs, they are not properly enforced. On top of this, there are still a large number of unlicensed REEs in operation with electrical losses of up to 40%. These unlicensed REEs represent the greatest potential for efficiency savings in rural electrification and can be tackled through better training, stricter standards, and improved technology (including renewable energy). Increasing efficiency will lead to lower electricity costs for the end users.

2

Increase knowledge around rural electrification efficiency

Government, private organisations, and rural households are better informed and prepared to tackle energy efficiency in rural electrification.

In order to improve energy efficiency in the rural electricity supply, the knowledge at all levels from policy makers to consumers must be improved. This means that the RGC must understand the situation on the ground, commercial organisations and NGOs need appropriate capacity to provide more efficient services, and rural households must know about the various electrification options available.

#

StrategicObjective

Outcome

Rationale

1

TheNational forest resources are protected by the sustainable and efficient use of biomass

Firewood and charcoal con- sumption is reduced by utili- zation of more efficient technologies. Community- based sustainable forest management is being im- plemented effectively within a context of province, district and commune level planning and delivering concrete benefits to local communities. A strong demand and supply chain of energy efficient cook stoves is established.

The most urgent issues as discussed in the working group on energy efficiency in biomass utilization concern the targeting of the sector with the largest efficiency potential, to make the improved technology competitive by smart and innovative mechanisms and to conduct public awareness campaigns about these technologies via mass media to raise public awareness, especially of biomass users on the availability of EE technologies in the market and their comparative advantages:

“It is intended to strengthening the sustainable forest management and bio-energy markets to promote environmental sustainability and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Cambodia (Sustainable Forest Management - SFM)”

2

Combustiblesolidbiomassresiduesare utilized optimally to substitute firewood and/or charcoal.

Forest resources are protected by reducing firewood and charcoal consumption.

Sustainable Supply of Solid Biomass is achieved by disseminating improved Solid Biomass Fuel Technology.

In 2010, char-briquette, a new alternative cooking fuel, started to enter Phnom Penh market. The char- briquette is made of 100% waste - the bio char from a garment factory - which makes them an environmental friendly cooking fuel.

Technically it has similar (and even better) quality as the traditional wood charcoal, it can also be used with the same cook stoves in the same way of operation (loading, igniting, reloading, etc. As the char-briquette is utilizing the underutilized material, it can be considered as an extension of energy utilization in different forms of energy.

CALCULATIONOFTHE EE POLICY TARGET

PriorityArea

Timing

AnnualSaving Potential (% p.a.)

FinancialRequirements

(US$)

Industry

Short Term Actions Medium Term Actions Long Term Actions

20-40%

10-70%

10-20%

1,450,000

2,010,000

2,120,000

Buildings

Short Term Actions Medium Term Actions Long Term Actions

20-30%% (S,M,L)

200,000

370,000

End User Products

Short Term Actions Medium Term Actions Long Term Actions

50% ofelectricity

10-20% (M,L)

90,000

1,150,000

40,000

Rural Electrification

Short Term Actions Medium Term Actions Long Term Actions

Up to 80% (S,M) by Reduction of Losses

475,000

450,000

Biomass

Short Term Actions Medium Term Actions Long Term Actions

20-35% offirewood

20% ofcharcoal

351,000

245,000

TOTAL

Upto 2035

20%=1,190 ktoe

8,951,000

Action fields

Energydata collection and analysis system

EE in industry

EE of end-user products

EE in buildings

EE of rural electricity generation and distribution

Efficientuseofbiomassforresidentialandindustrialpurposes

Establish a working group comprising all relevant institutions

Elaborate appropriate, regular data collection procedure

Create the legal prerequisites for the data collection process

Organize data collection in all sectors and regions

Process and compile the collected data according to international standards

Publish these data on a yearly basis

Industry EE&C working group: MIME, MoEF,

National Institute of Statistics, EdC, Industry Ass.

MIME, MOC, ISC

and representatives from the Industry and Consumer Associations

MIME develops a data collection template to be used by building energy managers

Working Group includes relevant institutions EAC, REF and EdC

WEWG to establish a National Biomass Energy Database (sub) Unit

Large consumers report yearly consumption and volume of production to MIME

Data on the residential energy consumption are collected and processed regularly by NIS

MIME collects data from energy managers that use standards such as ASEAN Center for Energy

System and report on country wide data collection on unlicensed REEs

NIS of the MOP to set-up clear boundaries of biomass energy data fields

Determine the level of consumption and the type of industry concerned

MOC, MIME

should establish a legal framework for NIS to collect data from rural and urban HH

Create the prerequisite for data collection. See similar program in Malaysia

Legal prerequisites not required, though the RGC must understand and endorse the need for data collection

NIS of MOP

establish a biomass energy database collection plan, including data format, scope, templates, etc.

Data is prepared by energy managers.

Comparison/benc hmark on results carried out by AJEEP

Transparent and comprehensive exchange of data between Ministries and public is organized

MIME subject data to suitable treatment of subsectors such as hotels, shopping malls etc.

Editing and govern data in close work with local authorities and academic institutions

Relevant institutions and partners advised to mandatory share data in a pre-defined format

Statistics are established per industrial sub- sector and categorized

Residential energy demand will be processed and published by NIS and incorporated in the National Energy Balance

Energy coaches interpret data and brainstorm methods to process data using recognized standards

Tabulation of data is set up in a comprehensive database and used to feed into performance metrics

Administer the collection, storing and management of the database related to biomass energy

MIME concerned with EE&C yearly publishes the data and the Cambodia Statistical Yearbook with the help of NIS

National Energy Balance is being published annually with information on the cost-savings of changed behaviour

Data can be made available on MIME’s website as part of a National Energy Efficiency Information Center

Annual reviews provide information on the impact and show progress in rural electrifiable energy efficiency

Incorporate the publication of biomass energy data in the Cambodia Year Book, soft copy (digital) and interactive (online)

Action fields

Awareness raising

EE in industry

EE of end-user products

EE in buildings

EE of rural electricity generation and distribution

Efficientuseofbiomassforresidentialandindustrialpurposes

Integrate the principles of energy efficiency in the curricular of schools and universities

Launch appropriate training programs

Organize public awareness campaigns in urban and rural centers with appropriate media coverage

Establish minimum standards and an energy labelling system

Programs on the principles of EE&C and Energy Management Systems (EMS) to train energy auditors and energy managers

The energy consumption of household appliances and their efficient use serve as practical examples to demonstrate the saving potential for households

A pilot course on EE principals and technologies in a university architecture program

Energy efficiency teaching in rural primary schools. Focus should also be on the productive use of energy

Introducing basic principal of efficient heat generation and transfer by comparing traditional and improved cook stove to lower secondary school students

Industrial professional associations propose training programs for auditors and managers

A vocational training course for building energy managers. A certificate course for architects on EE principles and technologies

Training for REEs covering energy efficiency and improved business practices

Adopt the initiatives implemented by the Sustainable Forest Management Project

Messages, incentives and support available for audits and implementation of measures are disseminated through industrial associations

Public awareness campaigns concerning energy efficient end use devices (incl. biomass and buildings) and their efficient utilisation

Public lectures by architects designing projects demonstrating EE principals

Awareness campaigns for rural HHs covering energy efficiency, the productive use of energy and the range of services to be expected from local REEs

Publicity campaigns to promote improved cook stoves and other efficient biomass burning devices

The Institute of Standards of Cambodia develops standards for industrial equipment both imported and built locally on their energy performance, using international standards and standards developed in ASEAN

The energy labelling system for energy consuming household appliances as part of the national EE policy and strategy and its potential impact on EE is a good example for the contribution of individual households to the reduction of the overall energy demand of the country

Rating building products such as windows (for solar heat gain coefficient)

Appliances are not a significant source of inefficiency in rural areas

Rating the improved cook stoves by considering the efficiency, cleanliness of the combustion, pollution level and safety based on field and laboratory tests that refer to an international standard protocol with necessary adoption to local contexts (climate, culture, cooking habit, etc…)

Action fields

Legal and financial framework conditions

EE in industry

EE of end-user products

EE in buildings

EE of rural electricity generation and distribution

Efficientuseofbiomassforresidentialandindustrialpurposes

Laws and regulations must be formulated, promulgated and enforced

Suitable credit/financing tools to facilitate energy efficiency investments such as co- generation must be developed

The import of energy efficient devices must be encouraged by tax-reliefs

Establish carbon credit fund and/or EE&C Fund to finance EE projects and interventions

Conferences with international donor agencies must be organized to get access to financing schemes

Subject to control of power factor, energy performance indicators, limitation on peak, taxes, etc.

Laws and regulations concerning minimum standards must be integrated in the overall national EE policy

An EE building code developed by MOLMUP+C in cooperation with MIME

Minimum efficiency standards for licensed REEs must be more rigorously formulated and enforced

Regulation on Generic (general requirements of improved cook stove) and Specific Standard (specification of improved cook stove design)

Low interest loans to finance all measures leading to energy savings: audits, energy management systems, EE equipment

Subsidies help EE appliances to stay competitive in the face of cheap products

Low cost loans for EE building projects

Financing to help REEs invest in more efficient technologies

Legal supports provided to the production and distribution of efficient cook stove in order to enable the enterprises to access specific finance supports (e.g. soft loan)

Import taxes to be lowered on EE industrial equipment with criterions to be determined and upgraded yearly

Tax incentives for the import of energy efficient appliances

Reduction of import tax on EE building products such as low-e windows

Tax incentives should apply to all energy efficient electricity generation and distribution technology

Reduction of import tax for sheet metal (galvanized zinc) that is needed regularly by improved cook stove production (approx 5,000 pc per month) and other necessary component

A financing scheme (e.g. carbon credit fund) to boost industrial investment in EE. Locally available biomass resources reduces energy costs (e.g. for coal) and GHG emissions

Use for financing development of EE building code or a green standard

The current low price of carbon and small decentralised nature of projects mean scope for carbon credits is limited

Improved cook stove and other efficient biomass burning devices shall be privileged in accessing and managing the fund for scaling- up and funding the hard-to-fund activities (e.g.

R&D, piloting, …)

Target international donor organizations that support and fund pilot projects and training

Target international donor organizations that support and fund pilot projects and training

Target international donor organizations that support and fund pilot projects and training

WEWG team participates in selective regional and international networking to attract funding (grant, equity, loan, etc.)

Action fields

Cooperation and networking

EE in industry

EE of end-user products

EE in buildings

EE of rural electricity generation and distribution

Efficientuseofbiomassforresidentialandindustrialpurposes

Establish working groups under the guidance of MIME,

comprising all relevant authorities and stakeholders

Organize regular inter-ministerial meetings where the way forward will be discussed and decided

Perform regular workshops and conferences to inform the greater public about government decisions and recommendatio ns

MoEF, MoEYS, MoLVT, ISC, EdC,

industrial professional ass. of the priority sub-sectors banking sector representatives, TUV,

international donors and agencies

Adaption of national survey of AJEEP to

Cambodian context in close cooperation with AJEEP and ACE.

A working group for EE building code and data collection which includes MOLMUP+C and

the building community

Local government authorities, local organisations (e.g. Picosol, Khmer Solar, SME Renewables, CRDT), academic institutions, national branches of international organisations (such as UNDP, UN Habitat, WB)

Revive and reactivate the Wood Energy Working Group that was established and endorsed by MIME (Prakas signed by Minister of MIME, Feb 2006)

Involvement of MIME, MoEYS, MoLVT, MoAFF, MoEF, MoC,

MIME and MOLMUP+C to

regularly meet to discuss development and updates of EE building code

Relevant stakeholders include EAC, REF, and EdC.

Forum established by implementation of “Sustainable Forest Management Project”

Decisions and recommen- dations are disseminated to the industrial enterprises through the industrial professional associations (GMAC, Brewery Association of Cambodia, etc.)

Workshops on the EE building code and data collection. Invite officials from neighbouring countries with established programs

Include representatives from rural communities and use their feedback to help shape policy decisions

The forum is managed by MIME & FA,

funded by UNDP

& GEF, operated by GERES and RECOFTC

IndustryObjective1:

The Energy Efficiency of the industrial sector is improved

Activity1:

Improve energy data collection and processing in the industry

Description ofthe measure:

• Data regarding energy consumption and production volumes across the country will be collected on a yearly basis in strategic industrial sectors and/or factories consuming more than a certain amount (to be defined) of energy per year. It is advised to start the data collection with the large consumers and progressively extend it to SME’s, following a pre-defined schedule for that.
• Those data are processed and compiled by MIME staff in a document reflecting the reality of energy consumption on a national level for all strategic sectors of industry
• Energy benchmark indicators are established per type of industry
• MIME staff is trained for these tasks of collecting, processing and editing those data.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Comparable data basis of the energy consumption in the industry for each sub- sector is obtained, which can be used to direct energy saving policy from local to national level.

Requirements:

• Data collection and measurement equipment is available and properly installed (e.g. National Energy Consumption Surveys by AJEEP)
• It has to be made compulsory for all those industries to communicate their data to MIME every year.
• Communication campaigns for the industry explaining the interest and need for those data must be organized.

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, National Institute of Statistics, Industrial associations, experts in energy efficiency and statistics

TargetGroup:

Industrial enterprises

Saving Potential:

n/a

BudgetEstimation:

220,000 US$ (training of staff at Ministry, communication to industrial companies, ITC hard- and software, measuring equipment)

PotentialSource

of Funding:

ADB, GEF, UNIDO

Time frame:

Short term, should be implemented and operational before end of 2015for the large consumers, then progressively be extended to the SME’s. Priority in the program

Monitoring:

Random control by MIME staff or contracted energy auditors in selected factories using criterions such as energy bills, biomass consumption or meters in order to compare the data given by the factories with some actual information taken from the field.

IndustryObjective1:

The Energy Efficiency  of the industrial sector is improved

Activity2:

Promotion ofgood energymanagement practice in industrial enterprises

Description ofthe measure:

To promote good energy management practice, it is recommended to follow the standard ISO 50001 (EMS). This includes the following measures:

• Make better use of  existing energy consuming assets
• Create transparency and facilitate communication on the management of energy resources
• Promote energy management best practices and reinforce good energy management behaviours
• Assist enterprises in evaluating and prioritizing the implementation of new energy-efficient technologies
• Provide a framework for promoting energy efficiency throughout the supply chain of the factory
• Allow integration with other organizational management systems such as quality (ISO 9001), Environmental (ISO14001), Occupational health and safety (OHSAS 18000).

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Improved energy-related performance  in industrial enterprises  to  realize untapped EE potential, to benefit from cost savings, make significant contribution to environmental and climate protection, e.g. reduction of CO2 emissions, meet legislative or self-imposed carbon targets and thereby enhance the entity’s reputation as a socially responsible organization.

Requirements:

Management of industrial enterprises are aware of the benefits to implement Energy Management Systems (EMS) at their factories.

Implementing

Agency:

UNIDO

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, industrial professional organizations (GMAC, Federation of Rice Miller Association, Rubber producers, Food industry, Phnom Penh SMI Association, Brewery Association of Cambodia)

TargetGroup:

Industrial enterprises

Saving Potential:

20-40% depending on the industrial sector

BudgetEstimation:

160,000 US$

PotentialSource

of Funding:

GEF, UNIDO member countries

Time frame:

Short term

Monitoring:

Industrial energy audits to measure energy consumption and reduction on fossil fuels.

Activity3:Description of the

measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Requirements:

ImplementingAgency:Stakeholders involved:

TargetGroup:

Promotion of biomass use for decentralized production of energy (thermal or electrical) through gasification or bio digestion (see also chapter 3.5)

• Inventory of the biomass  resources (rice husk, wood residues) available for energy purposes,
• Inventory of the needs in the industrial sector,
• Creation of efficient distribution patterns between supply and demand, minimizing the energy needs for transportation,
• Technical and financial support to companies building locally biomass gasifiers and digesters
• Develop programs of re-forestation/forest management to ensure sustainable supply of biomass on the long term.

Dependency on imported fossil fuels to run the industry and overall energy costs are reduced

• Sustainable supply of biomass through forest resource management programs and proper use of agricultural waste to ensure availability and low cost of the resource on the long term,
• High quality of equipment (gasifiers, digesters) generating energy from biomass,
• Agreed cooperation between MIME and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF).
• Certification of the origin of the biomass (e.g. for wood chips) would be desirable.

UNIDO, NGO’s

MIME,         MAFF,       enterprises          involved       in       biomass         gasifier construction/import, Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), NGO’s

Industrial enterprises

Saving Potential:

This is more a measure of substitution rather than of savings. Here, we replace costly imported fossil fuel with locally produced low cost renewable energy source. Hence the energy costs can be reduced by up to 80%.

Budget Estimation:

650,000 US$

Potential Source of

Funding:

GEF

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Number of gasifiers/bio digesters installed per year, Quantity of fossil fuel saved per year.

IndustryObjective1:

The Energy Efficiency of the industrial sector is improved

Activity4:

Implementation ofvoluntaryaswell as of compulsory standards on energy efficiency in industrial enterprises consuming more than a certain amount (to be determined) of energy per year.

Description ofthe measure:

• Promotion of standards in cooperation with industry associations based on ISO and in cooperation with ISC
• Information to industry about costs and benefits of energy efficiency improvements according to the set standards
• Dissemination of implementation progress and results

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Industrial enterprises are optimizing their energy consumption according to the standards developed and can reduce their energy consumption accordingly.

Requirements:

Knowledge about international energy efficiency standards in industry

Implementing

Agency:

Institute of Standards of Cambodia (ISC)

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, ISC, TUV, other auditing companies

TargetGroup:

Industrial enterpriseswith priority on the large consumers in a first phase and then dissemination to SME’s in a second phase

Saving Potential:

15%

BudgetEstimation:

320,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

ADB

Time frame:

Short to medium term (2014-2018)

Monitoring:

Regular  review  of  the  energy  efficiency  standards  and  their  application  in industrial enterprises by certified auditors.

Requirements:

Energy intensity of industrial facilities is being tested on a regular basis. Criteria for efficiency are determined by MIME.

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Ministry of Economy and Finance, EdC, EAC, ISC.

TargetGroup:

Energy managers, owners/managers of industrial enterprises

Saving Potential:

15%

BudgetEstimation:

160,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government, co-financing by international donors such as EU

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Regular inspection of enterprises concerning their compliance with laws and regulations

Annual energy consumption to be recorded regularly to government services.

IndustryObjective2:

Capacitybuilding in the field of EE&C in industry is strengthened

Activity1:

Support the development of energy service companies (ESCO’s)

Description ofthe measure:

• Launch an energy audit support program
• Identify existing companies able/interested to offer such services
• Train selected staff in energy conservation (auditing and implementation of energy conservation measures)
• Certify ESCOs by MIME
• Develop appropriate financing schemes for ESCO’s
• Campaigning about the availability of this type of service to the industry

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

A   pool   of   qualified   ESCO’s   is   established   and   able   to   provide   energy efficiency/conservation services to private and public customers.

Requirements:

• Appropriate training programmes and trainers in the field of energy conservation are available
• Banks are willing to finance ESCO’s

Implementing

Agency:

TUV and other consulting companies from private sector

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, energy service companies, e.g. Comin Khmer etc.

TargetGroup:

Private energy service enterprises

Saving Potential:

10%

BudgetEstimation:

300,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

GEF

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Number of ESCO’s registered per year, number of audits and implementation of energy saving measures achieved per year by this pool of ESCOs, quantity in toe and money of energy saved per year

Activity2:

Description ofthe measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Technicaltraining for engineers and technicians in the field of energy efficiency, performing energy audits, establishing EMS and implementing energy saving measures in the industry

• Implementing a curriculum at the National University in the engineering department to train energy auditors and managers for the industry
• Training of MIME staff in charge of energy efficiency and energy conservation policies
• Disseminate existing EMS manuals to priority industrial enterprises
• Provide training courses for managers and technicians from factories
• Training of industrial biomass gasifier builders and users in order to improve the efficiency of the gasifiers.

Trained managers and technicians are available and able to introduce principles of energy management in their enterprises and to trigger investments in energy saving measures and technologies, leading to the reduction of specific energy consumption per unit of production.

Requirements:

Training programs and trainers on energy auditing and energy management are available (e.g. ECCJ and ACE carried out ten audits)

Training material is produced and disseminated.

Implementing

Agency:

Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS) in collaboration with MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MoLVT, vocational training schools, engineering departments of universities

TargetGroup:

Engineers and technician from energy intensive industrial enterprises

Saving Potential:

15%

BudgetEstimation:

750,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

Enterprises, co-financing by international donors

Time frame:

Short to medium term

Monitoring:

Number of technicians/engineers/professionals trained per year.

Activity3:

Description ofthe measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Support the local development and manufacturing of energy efficient equipment

• Technical and financial assistance to local producers of industrial equipment in quality management
• Training of technical staff in energy efficient technologies
• Provide tax incentives for energy efficient devices produced locally
• Energy efficient equipment for the industry is available locally, produced at low cost and entailing to costs and energy savings.
• Dissemination of skills for the manufacturing of energy efficient equipment

Requirements:

Commitment of the companies wanting to benefit from this program to produce energy efficient devices

A minimum level of skills should already be present in the company.

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MoEF, MoLVT, vocational training schools

TargetGroup:

Companies building and selling industrial equipment

Saving Potential:

10%

BudgetEstimation:

320,000 US$

PotentialSource

of Funding:

GEF

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Number of technicians/engineers trained per year Turnover of energy efficient devices made in Cambodia

IndustryObjective3:

Attentionof factory owners/managers about EE is raised

Activity1:

Organize awareness raising campaigns about energy efficiency in industry

Description ofthe measure:

• Site visits of energy efficient factories inside and outside Cambodia.
• Organization of workshops for pointing out to the managers and owners of production plants the solutions for saving energy/money at their premises.
• Demonstration/pilot projects to be implemented in different types of industries in Cambodia
• Creation of an Energy Resource Center for disseminating information related to EE&C, providing updated internet content, manuals and counsellors to inform owners and managers of industrial enterprises on EE&C potential,
• Communication campaigns among managers and owners of factories at national level, especially through professional associations, in order to build a culture about EE&C in the industry on the long term, especially in SME’s where it is definitely lacking at present..

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Owners and managers of industrial enterprises are aware of the benefits of energy audits and energy conservation measures

Requirements:

Appropriate means and financing instruments to organize awareness raising campaigns are available

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Industrial professional associations (GMAC, Federation of Rice  Miller Association, Rubber producers, Food  Industry Association, Phnom Penh SMI Association, Brewery Association of Cambodia),

TargetGroup:

Owners and managers of factories

Saving Potential:

10%

BudgetEstimation:

up to 900,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

GEF, UNIDO

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Surveys in industry on the number of owners and managers of factories informed about EE&C and interested in implementing energy efficiency measures at their premises, number of awareness raising actions conducted per year

Activity2:

Description ofthe measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Provide financial incentives to interested companies to implement energy efficiency strategies and measures

• Provide information on energy and money savings achievable by reducing energy consumption
• Specify energy conservation measures according to their financial and organizational requirements (behavioural changes, small modifications/ changes in the production process, investment in more efficient appliances)
• Elaborate financial instruments such as preferential credits, tax relieves, grants for energy efficiency measures, usage of carbon credits, establishment of Climate Change Trust Fund or similar
• Define policy interventions for fiscal and economic incentives.

Companies, especially SME’s, make increasingly use of the financial incentives to improve their energy efficiency.

Requirements:

Low  interest  loans  for  implementation  of  energy  efficiency  measures  are available from banks;

Other financial means are developed and accessible; Government is willing to support this initiative.

Implementing

Agency:

Ministry of Economy and Finance

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, Banking System of Cambodia, ADB

TargetGroup:

Private companies, especially SME’s

Saving Potential:

20%

BudgetEstimation:

50 million US$ until 2020 for loans with a regular progression over the years, as energy efficiency programs develop in the country

Potential Source

of Funding:

Banking system of Cambodia on private and public sides, KfW, ADB

Time frame:

Long term

Monitoring:

Number and amount of loans given per year, kind of solutions financed and energy saved by these measures.

IndustryObjective3:

Attentionof factory owners/managers about EE is raised

Activity3:

Support, especially to small and medium industrial enterprises, for auditing of their facilities and implementation of energy efficient solutions

Description ofthe measure:

• Definition of the criteria for the selection of the enterprises to be audited
• Communication campaigns to the industrial sector concerning the auditing/implementation services offered
• Selection of enterprises to be audited
• Performance of the audits
• Implementation of energy conservation measures.
• Create financial incentives to facilitate the performance of audits and the implementation of EE measures, depending on the needs of the beneficiaries: SME’s may need more support than the bigger industrial companies, especially on the energy audit side.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

An increasing number of industrial enterprises and in particular of SME’s is performing energy audits in their premises and implementing saving measures to reduce their energy demand

Requirements:

Motivation of the entrepreneurs to engage in energy efficiency

Implementing

Agency:

UNIDO

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, industrial professional associations (GMAC, Federation of Rice Miller Association, Rubber producers, Food Industry Association, Phnom Penh SMI Association, Brewery Association of Cambodia),

TargetGroup:

Industrial enterprises and in particular SME’s

Saving Potential:

15%

BudgetEstimation:

1.8 million US$ for audits and implementation measures (for SME’s)

Potential Source

of Funding:

UNIDO, GEF

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Surveys on the number of SME’s participating in the program, energy efficiency measures put in place, energy and money saved per year.

Activity1:

Description ofthe measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

A compulsory national energy efficiency labelling system for household appliances is being elaborated and introduced in Cambodia

• Collection and evaluation of EE labelling systems from neighbouring countries and the EU
• Decide upon the most appropriate labelling system for Cambodia
• Set priorities concerning the appliances to be labelled
• Put in place legal arrangements with importers/assemblers of electrical devices concerning the compulsory labelling of their products
• Inform the public about the labels put in place by means of leaflets and publicity campaigns to be elaborated by local media experts.
• All electric appliances sold in Cambodia will be marked with the appropriate energy efficiency label.
• Households know about energy efficient appliances and make increasingly use of them
• Consumers select products based on reliable information on energy consumption
• The market share of energy efficient appliances is increasing.

Requirements:

Government and the private sector must be willing to cooperate in introducing such a labelling scheme. End users must be informed.

Implementing

Agency:

MIME in coordination with Ministry of Commerce

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Institute of Standards of Cambodia, Ministry of Information

TargetGroup:

Producers and importers of electrical appliances, Industry Associations, EdC, Consumer Associations, Private households

Saving Potential:

Up to 50% of household electricity consumption

BudgetEstimation:

Labelling scheme: 50,000 US$ plus Awareness campaigns: 40,000 US$ plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government funding, co-financed by industry and international donors

Timeframe:

Short to medium term

Monitoring:

Surveys at retailer stores.

Activity2:

Description ofthe measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Electricityconsumption ofhousehold appliances is measured/tested by certified institutions/ laboratories

• Visits of existing test laboratories in the region and discussion of means of cooperation
• Define the requirements for a test laboratory to be established in Cambodia
• Decide upon the Installation of a proper test laboratory in Cambodia
• Set up the test laboratory, if appropriate
• Train laboratory staff on how to perform the tests
• Publish the test  results in public media

The  labelling  of  electrical  appliances  is  based  on  objectively  verifiable  test results according to international standards.

Requirements:

Certified testing facilities to measure electricity consumption of products are available and can be utilized. They are either established in Cambodia, or Cambodian enterprises have access to testing facilities in  neighbouring countries such as Thailand or Malaysia.

Implementing

Agency:

Department of Energy Technique (DET) of General department of Energy (GDE), MIME in cooperation with ISC, MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Universities

TargetGroup:

Producers and importers of electrical appliances, Industry Associations

SavingPotential:

This  activity  provides  only  the  necessary  data,  no  direct  savings  can  be quantified

BudgetEstimation:

Testing facilities for:

• Refrigerators: 250,000 US$
• Air Conditioners: 800,000 US$
• Lighting: 40,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government funding, co-financed by industry and international donors

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Test reports to be published regularly

Activity3:

Description ofthe measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Energyefficiencystandards,lawsand regulationsconcerningenergy efficiency of end-user appliances are being elaborated and promulgated by government

• The Institute of Standards of Cambodia is supported by EE experts in the elaboration of standards, laws and regulations.
• Promulgation of laws and regulations concerning minimum standards by RGC
• Information of Industry Associations
• Adoption of import regulations according to minimum standards to be met ISC is introducing EE standards, laws and regulations

Only appliances above the set norms and standards are accepted to enter the

market of Cambodia.

Products which are not corresponding to the minimum efficiency standards are excluded from the market.

Requirements:

The ISC should closely cooperate with DET, MIME in establishing minimum standards for electrical appliances and with the Ministry of Commerce in regulating the import and assembling of these devices.

Experiences from neighbouring countries such as Thailand in EE labelling are made available and are adopted.

On the political level, the decision makers must be willing to impose energy efficiency standards by laws and regulations.

Implementing

Agency:

ISC in collaboration with department of Energy Technique of GDE, MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Ministry of Commerce

TargetGroup:

Producers and importers of electrical appliances, Industry Associations,

Saving Potential:

Depends on the minimum standards to be set

BudgetEstimation:

20,000 US$ for training of decision makers

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government budget, International donors

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Government bulletin, publishing laws and regulations 

End-UserProducts

Objective2:

The market share of energy efficient residential appliances has increased

Activity1:

Regular information campaigns on energy efficiency of appliances are organized in TV, radio and newspapers

Description ofthe measure:

• Organizing press conferences and interviews with journalists on the subject of EE
• Provide an internet platform for EE news, tools and information
• Motivate radio and TV channels to publish information concerning the concept of EE and the savings achievable, e.g. by replacement of incandescent lamps by energy saving lamps etc.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

The public is aware of the benefits of EE Consumers select more energy efficient devices

Requirements:

Government can convince the public media to participate in these campaigns

Implementing

Agency:

Ministry of Information

Stakeholdersinvolved:

TV and radio stations, newspapers

TargetGroup:

The public

Saving Potential:

Depends on the media coverage

BudgetEstimation:

20,000 US$ to trigger the measures

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government budget

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Regular surveys on publications in the various media

End-UserProducts

Objective2:

The market share of energy efficient  residential appliances has increased

Activity2:

Ministriesand other public institutions are demonstrating the usefulness of EE by applying EE minimum standards in the procurement of their energy consuming devices such as computers, AC, refrigerators, lights

Description ofthe measure:

• Provision of information on energy consumption of office equipment to ministries
• Include energy efficiency in all public tender documents as a priority prerequisite for orders
• Providing incentives by organizing energy efficiency contests and publishing “best energy efficiency performances”

Train and install staff responsible for the energy consumption of the institution

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

The  good  example  of  public  authorities  helps  to  convince  employees  in administration to select energy efficient devices for residential use

Requirements:

Cooperation of ministries and other public institutions

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT)

TargetGroup:

All Ministries, public authorities and institutions

Saving Potential:

Depends on the present level of energy consumption in the public sector

BudgetEstimation:

10,000 US$ plus for training and information

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government budget

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Regular surveys on energy consumption, published in the media.

End-UserProductsObjective3:

Enduserof residential appliances are aware of the concept of energy efficiency and behave accordingly

Activity1:

Education programs in energy efficient behaviour  are performed in schools

Description ofthe measure:

• Energy efficiency is introduced in the curricula of primary and secondary schools
• Development of a concept to pursue energy efficiency through school campaigns
• Engage care takers/teachers with a special training program for targeted schools.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Changes in consumption behaviour of families

Requirements:

Good cooperation with MOEYS and schools Teachers are interested in the subject

Implementing

Agency:

Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MOEYS)

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME

TargetGroup:

Students at primary and secondary schools

Saving Potential:

10-20% of residential electricity consumption

BudgetEstimation:

20,000 US$ for training of teachers by EE experts

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government budget

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Regular surveys at schools

End-UserProducts

Objective3:

Enduserof residential appliances are aware of the concept of energy efficiency and behave accordingly

Activity2:

Publicitycampaigns on energy efficient behaviour are published in the public media

Description ofthe measure:

• The principle of energy efficiency is explained in the media

• Possible energy savings by energy efficient behaviour are published

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Changes in energy consumption behaviour of end users

Requirements:

Good cooperation with the media

Implementing

Agency:

Ministry of Information

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, newspapers, TV and radio channels

TargetGroup:

Private households

Saving Potential:

10% of residential electricity consumption

BudgetEstimation:

30,000 US$ for publicity campaigns

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government budget

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Regular surveys on household level

BuildingsObjective1:

Energy efficiency of new buildings is improved

Activity1:

An energy efficiency building code for new buildings is established.

Description ofthe measure:

• An energy efficiency (EE) building code is being elaborated including a checklist of energy saving building techniques, such as sun shading and building orientation. It is a subset of a general building code and applies to new buildings and major additions
• Building developers are required to achieve a passing score for approval of a building permit
• The EE building code applies to all building types with air-conditioned floor area greater than 2,000 m2, and connected to the public utility grid. Field inspection occurs during the issuing of a certificate of occupancy.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

A stock of energy efficient buildings will be established in Cambodia over time.

Requirements:

• The Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MOLMUP+C) completes the draft of a general building code.
• Good cooperation between MOLMUP&C and MIME is established for the purpose of using data on existing buildings to update the energy efficiency building code.
• An EE building code is written in consultation with MOLMUP+C and a steering committee of building professionals.
• Field inspectors are trained.

Implementing

Agency:

MOLMUP&C in coordination with MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Institute of Standards, Construction Association, Board of Architects, Ministry of Vocational Training

TargetGroup:

Developers of new buildings

Saving Potential:

At least 20% savings for the life of new buildings

BudgetEstimation:

50,000 US$ plus to hire an expert to help write the code 20,000US$plusexpert to work with MIME and MOLMUP&C staff 50,000US$plusto hire and train inspectors

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies Building permit application fees

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Regular surveys by MIME under the Energy Manager Program.

BuildingsObjective1:

Energy efficiency of new buildings is improved

Activity2:

Energyefficiency building codes in other countries are evaluated

Description ofthe measure:

A study of EE building codes in other countries in the region, particularly those in the same climate zone, is undertaken to provide a guideline for the content of Cambodia’s code.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

The  EE  building  code  to  be  developed  for  Cambodia  (see  activity  1)  will incorporate experiences from other countries.

Requirements:

• Good cooperation with the respective authorities in neighbouring countries is established
• Cooperation will continue to be important during updates of the code to find best practices.

Implementing

Agency:

MIME in cooperation with MOLMUP&C

Stakeholdersinvolved:

ASEAN Center for Energy

TargetGroup:

MoLMUP&C

Saving Potential:

See savings listed above for EE building codes.

BudgetEstimation:

25,000US$plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies

Time frame:

Short to medium term

Monitoring:

Evaluation report by MIME staff

BuildingsObjective1:

Energy efficiency of new buildings is improved

Activity3:

Energyefficiency building requirements are attached to large developments and luxury hotels

Description ofthe measure:

• The compliance with EE standards is made a prerequisite for tax reliefs applicable to large developments and luxury hotels in Cambodia.
• The developer is encouraged to use energy efficiency standards from his home country if they are equivalent or better than those being developed in Cambodia.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

The energy efficiency of large projects is improved.

Requirements:

Cooperation with the Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC)

Implementing

Agency:

MOLMUP&C and CDC

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Foreign trade organizations, hotel associations

TargetGroup:

Foreign developers of large building projects

Saving Potential:

At least 20% energy savings in new buildings

BudgetEstimation:

30,000US$plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies Building permit application fees

Time frame:

Short term

Monitoring:

Regular reporting on EE measures applied in large developments and luxury hotels by MIME.

BuildingsObjective2:

Energy efficiency in existing buildings is improved

Activity1:

Establish an energy manager program

Description ofthe measure:

• An energy manager (or person responsible for energy) is designated on the staff of large buildings with energy use above a certain number of kWh/year
• A document containing energy use data and proposals for reducing energy consumption is periodically prepared by the energy manager
• Initial energy audits are encouraged to establish a baseline for energy saving strategies and measures.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

In all buildings above a given minimum energy consumption an energy manager is established.

Requirements:

Building owners are cooperative

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Electricite du Cambodge (EDC), Hotel Association, ASEAN Center for Energy

TargetGroup:

Building owners

Saving Potential:

20% or more

BudgetEstimation:

75,000US$plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies, government funding

Time frame:

Medium to long term

Monitoring:

Number of energy managers established.

BuildingsObjective2:

Energy efficiency in existing buildings is improved

Activity2:

Establishment of an energy data base at MIME

Description ofthe measure:

• The energy consumption of buildings with an established energy management program is registered and regularly submitted to MIME
• Templates for submission of data are established and agreed upon.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Statistics on energy consumption in buildings per type of energy and per end use category are available to policy makers.

Requirements:

MIME has the capacity to process and evaluate the data. Available on request are ten energy audits carried out by ECCJ and ACE

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

EDC, Hotel Association

TargetGroup:

Building owners

Saving Potential:

20% or more  (See Activity 1, above)

BudgetEstimation:

50,000US$plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies

Time frame:

Medium to long term (See Activity 1, above)

Monitoring:

MIME prepares annual reports on energy consumption in large buildings.

BuildingsObjective2:

Energy efficiency in existing buildings is improved

Activity3:

Energymanagers are trained and certified.

Description ofthe measure:

Energy managers (see Activity 1, above) are trained according to  well established energy management programs such as ISO 50001 and certified by MIME.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

A pool of trained energy managers with practical experience is established

Requirements:

Qualified trainers and appropriate training facilities are available

Implementing

Agency:

MIME in coordination with MOLMUP&C

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training

TargetGroup:

Building managers

Saving Potential:

20% or more (See Activity 1, above)

BudgetEstimation:

75,000US$plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government funding, International Energy Agencies

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Surveys from training institutes on the number of trained energy managers per year

BuildingsObjective3:

Energy efficiency in public buildings is improved

Activity1:

Existing public buildings are held to a high energy efficiency performance standard

Description ofthe measure:

A government directive outlines an energy efficiency standard for all large government buildings.  It involves an energy audit and commitment to reduce metered energy consumption by a small percentage each year (e.g. 3%).

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Existing public buildings become an example to lead the way to more energy efficient buildings in general in Cambodia

Requirements:

Assistance with how reductions in energy consumption can be made

Implementing

Agency:

MIME

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MOLUP+C

TargetGroup:

Government Ministries

Saving Potential:

50% or more over ten years

BudgetEstimation:

50,000 US$ plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy, environmental, and climate change mitigation agencies

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

MIME

Activity2:

Description ofthe measure:

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Newpublicbuildingsare designed with reference to an established green building standard

• A green building standard, such as the LOTUS standard in Viet Nam, is used as a non-binding evaluation tool in the tenders for public buildings.
• Green building standards address not only energy consumption, but also recycling (e.g. of discarded concrete into aggregate for new concrete), water issues (consumption savings and storm water runoff control), etc.
• New public buildings become an example to lead the way to more energy efficient buildings in general in Cambodia and encourage development beyond mere energy efficiency to sustainable, green building development.
• This is in line with Cambodia’s National Green Growth Roadmap (2009) which advocates environmental, economic, and social sustainability.

Requirements:

Green building standards from other countries are collected and evaluated. A standard could be developed specifically for Cambodia over time.

Implementing

Agency:

Ministry of Economy and Finance

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, MOLUP+C, Green Building Council

TargetGroup:

Architects, project developers, building owners

Saving Potential:

20% or more

BudgetEstimation:

60,000 US$ plus

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy, environmental, and climate change mitigation agencies

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

MIME

BuildingsObjective4:

Education andawarenessof energy efficiency in buildings has increased

Activity1:

Education of architecture students in energy efficiency (knowledge)

Description ofthe measure:

• Introduce into the curriculum knowledge of energy efficiency in buildings as a core competency for architecture students.
  • Perform a pilot project consisting of a two-term course on Environmental Control Systems co-taught by an outside expert and an existing faculty member in order to transfer knowledge to both faculty and students.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Students have the necessary background to be aware of and understand energy efficiency issues when in professional practice.

Requirements:

See for example the NAAB 2009 Conditions for Accreditation, page 23, item B.3.

Implementing

Agency:

Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) and the Royal University of Fine Arts (RUFA) or other university

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Board of Architects, Cambodia Society of Architects, MIME

TargetGroup:

Architecture students

Saving Potential:

No immediate saving potential can be specified

BudgetEstimation:

30,000 US$ for a 10 month pilot project

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies

Time frame:

Short to medium term

Monitoring:

RUFA.

BuildingsObjective4:

Education andawarenessof energy efficiency in buildings has increased

Activity2:

Education of architects and planners in energy efficiency (basics)

Description ofthe measure:

• A certification course for architects and planners that addresses basic issues of energy efficiency in buildings is taught by an expert in evening- or weekend courses
• Certificates are issued to improve the applicant’s status in public tendering processes.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Energy efficiency in buildings becomes common knowledge among architects and is increasingly applied in the construction of new buildings.

Requirements:

• Qualified trainers and adequate training programs are available
• Architects are willing and motivated to participate in the training courses and certification process

Implementing

Agency:

Board of Architects of Cambodia

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, Universities

TargetGroup:

Architects and planners

Saving Potential:

No immediate saving potential can be specified

BudgetEstimation:

15,000 US$ for an 8 week course

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies

Time frame:

Short to medium term

Monitoring:

MIME and Board of Architects.

BuildingsObjective4:

Education andawarenessof energy efficiency in buildings has increased

Activity4:

Study tours to selected examples of good practice of energy efficient buildings

Description ofthe measure:

Study tours for architects and students to exemplary energy efficient buildings in the region are conducted. For example, a tour to Malaysia could be organized that includes the Diamond building, the Low Energy Office, and the  Green Energy Office, all located in the Kuala Lumpur area. These buildings are well documented in terms of energy use and cost, and tours are available.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

• Shows Cambodian officials and developers the practicality of energy efficient buildings
• Fosters knowledge transfer between energy ministries in neighbouring countries on energy efficiency in buildings.

Requirements:

Scheduling

Implementing

Agency:

MIME in cooperation with the Board of Architects and universities

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, MOLMUP&C, developers

TargetGroup:

Officials involved in writing the EE building code and building developers

Saving Potential:

Not available

BudgetEstimation:

8,000 US$ for four people per tour

Potential Source

of Funding:

International energy agencies

Time frame:

Short term

Monitoring:

Reports by the participants on the experiences gained.

BuildingsObjective4:

Education andawarenessof energy efficiency in buildings has increased

Activity5:

Publiclecturesby architects with expertise in energy efficient buildings

Description ofthe measure:

Public guest lectures at universities are given by architects involved in energy efficient buildings. For instance, architects of the Vattanac Capital building or the extension of the University of Phnom Penh Library are invited to present their work.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Increasing awareness in the architecture community and the public for green and energy efficient architecture.

Requirements:

Universities are interested in accommodating such lectures Advertising in public media

Implementing

Agency:

Board of Architects of Cambodia in cooperation with universities

Stakeholdersinvolved:

Society of Architects

TargetGroup:

Architects, developers, students

Saving Potential:

No direct saving potential can be specified

BudgetEstimation:

200 US$ per lecture (up to 10 lectures)

Potential Source

of Funding:

Participants and/or local companies

Time frame:

Short term

Monitoring:

Number of participants.

RuralElectrificationObjective1:

Rural energy entrepreneurs (REEs) operate more efficient businesses

Activity1:

Pilotgeneration projects are installed and analyzed

Description ofthe measure:

• Selection of appropriate sites and technologies
• Training of local staff
• Installation of pilot projects

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Renewable energy systems have the potential to efficiently provide electricity to more remote regions of the country.

Operational pilot projects that can be used to showcase technology, monitored for efficacy, and used to leverage funding for further systems.

Requirements:

Installation capacity, necessary permissions, site identification, support from REEs.

Implementing

Agency:

RE Enterprises

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, local private renewable energy organizations, unlicensed REE’s.

TargetGroup:

Unlicensed REE’s

Saving Potential:

The  activity  will  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  electricity  generation  and distribution losses of REE’s by up to 80%.

BudgetEstimation:

100,000US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

International  donors  (private  companies  or  grant  organizations)  targeting renewable energy systems. For example REEEP or Samsung

Time frame:

Short term

Monitoring:

System installation and operation should be monitored by local authorities and results reported to MIME for collation.

RuralElectrificationObjective1:

Rural energy entrepreneurs (REEs) operate more efficient businesses

Activity2:

Establish and enforce distribution standards

Description ofthe measure:

• Analyze local distribution networks
• Calculate distribution losses
• Elaborate technical standards for the rural distribution network
• Enforce the compliance of REE’s with the standards

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

• Electricity losses in the distribution network are reduced
• Maintenance costs will be reduced
• System compatibility will be improved due to a more standardized network.

Requirements:

Technical  knowledge  of  electricity  distribution,  legal  framework  to  properly implement policy.

Implementing

Agency:

EAC

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, EAC, EdC, ISC, private companies.

TargetGroup:

REE’s

Saving Potential:

The  activity  will  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  electricity  generation  and distribution losses of REE’s by up to 80%.

BudgetEstimation:

200,000US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government funds, AUSAID

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Surveys by EAC among REE’s to verify compliance with the new standards

RuralElectrificationObjective1:

Rural energy entrepreneurs (REEs) operate more efficient businesses

Activity3:

Training of REEs to improve operational efficiency.

Description ofthe measure:

• Elaborate appropriate training programs
• Select qualified trainers
• Organize training courses for REE’s.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

• An appropriate training program will lead to a better understanding of energy efficiency measures and proper business techniques
• This will improve operational and electrical efficiency and reduce costs and finally the tariffs for all customers.

Requirements:

Incentives to encourage REEs to attend training sessions should be provided.

Implementing

Agency:

Cambodian  Rural  Development  Team  (CRDT)  e.g.  in  cooperation  with  Lao Institute of Renewable Energy (LIRE)

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, LIRE, CRDT

TargetGroup:

REE’s

Saving Potential:

The  activity  will  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  electricity  generation  and distribution losses of REE’s by up to 80%.

BudgetEstimation:

75,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

International donors targeting training programs, government funding

Time frame:

Short term

Monitoring:

Training programs should be monitored by local authorities and results reported to MIME for collation. MIME can monitor the efficacy of training programs through measured improvements in efficiency (see Activity 1 of Strategic Objective 2 below for more information on the required database to measure these improvements).

RuralElectrificationObjective2:

Increase knowledge around rural electrification efficiency

Activity1:

Inventory of unlicensed REEs and electrification database

Description ofthe measure:

• Collect and evaluate information on the number of unlicensed REEs and on their efficiency by countrywide audits
• Create a regularly updated database on rural electrification
• Propose interventions to improve the quality of their services
• Facilitate the licensing procedure for REE’s.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

• Efficiency targets are defined
• A knowledge platform is established that can be used to quantify the benefits of new policies and monitor progress
• Appropriate EE strategies can be implemented and the quality of the services be improved.

Requirements:

Appropriate knowledge of database management at MIME

Implementing

Agency:

MIME, assisted by research institutions specialized on rural electrification

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, Local government

TargetGroup:

Unlicensed REE’s

Saving Potential:

The  activity  will  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  electricity  generation  and distribution losses of REE’s by up to 80%.

BudgetEstimation:

300,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

Government funding, Research grants,

International donors targeting knowledge management projects.

Time frame:

Short term

Monitoring:

Regular audits of REE’s by MIME

RuralElectrificationObjective2:

Increase knowledge around rural electrification efficiency

Activity2:

Improve renewable energy system installation capacity and supply chain.

Description ofthe measure:

• Evaluate the actual know how of public and private organizations involved in renewable energy systems in Cambodia
• Prepare appropriate training programs
• Perform training courses for local organizations

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

• The technical knowledge of staff at organizations involved in renewable energy systems has improved
• This expert knowledge will ensure that systems are properly designed and installed
• Improving the supply chain for appropriate RE systems will also facilitate the selection and installation of more efficient technologies.

Requirements:

Local renewable energy organizations must be operational.

Implementing

Agency:

RE enterprises

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, renewable energy system organizations in Cambodia

TargetGroup:

Local renewable energy organizations

Saving Potential:

The  activity  will  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  electricity  generation  and distribution losses of REE’s by up to 80%.

BudgetEstimation:

50,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

International donors funding capacity building,

Public private partnerships on renewable energy projects.

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

Surveys on rural renewable energy systems by MIME.

RuralElectrificationObjective2:

Increase knowledge around rural electrification efficiency

Activity3:

Increaseconsumer awareness of rural electrification options and energy efficiency.

Description ofthe measure:

Rural households currently have limited  knowledge about energy efficiency, resulting in complacency over the cost of electricity from systems currently in use. To increase consumer awareness, it is proposed to

• Elaborate information material
• Identify appropriate means of dissemination of information
• Organize awareness campaigns.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

• REEs are forced to improve the efficiency of their systems
• Rural households are well informed and will gain a greater understanding of alternative systems they could use such as solar lanterns or community owned energy systems
• The costs of rural electricity supply will decrease.

Requirements:

NGO’s are motivated to participate in this awareness campaign

Implementing

Agency:

Cambodian Rural Development Team (CRDT), private sector

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, CRDT, private sector

Target Group:

Rural households

Saving Potential:

The  activity  will  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  electricity  generation  and distribution losses of REE’s by up to 80%.

BudgetEstimation:

200,000 US$

Potential Source

of Funding:

International donors willing to fund public awareness programs in rural areas such as UN-Habitat or GEF.

Time frame:

Medium term

Monitoring:

By local authorities reporting to MIME for collation

BiomassObjective1:

The National forest resources are protected by the sustainable and efficient use of biomass

Activity1:

Promotion of improved and efficient cookstoves for rural households

Description ofthe measure:

Business support to cook stove producers and cook stove distributors

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Improved and efficient cookstoves are widely accepted by rural households

Requirements:

To promote the efficient use of biomass, a focal point should be set up at the General Directorate of Energy of MIME as coordinating body. This Focal Point should be assisted by a working group to tackle specific necessities and propose appropriate solutions. This requirement is also valid for all other activities in this sector.

Implementing

Agency:

GERES Cambodia

Stakeholdersinvolved:

MIME, Forestry Administration, Private cook stove producers and distributors

TargetGroup:

Rural households

Saving Potential:

Fuel wood consumption for cooking purposes in rural areas is reduced up to 20%

BudgetEstimation:

(Activity 1, 4, 5)

Start-up grants for establishment of 6 cook stove production centres (180,000 USD)

Risk sharing loans from micro- finance institutions for 100 cook stove producers (24,000 USD)

Potential Source

of Funding:

GEF, UNDP

Time frame:

Short to medium term

Monitoring:

Record of promotion means, series of promotion activities implemented to introduce improved cookstoves in rural areas including number of families involved. 

BiomassObjective1:

The National forest resources are protected by the sustainable and efficient use of biomass

Activity 2:

Promotion of sustainable forest management for biomass fuel supply

Description ofthe measure:

• Capacity Building and Policy Development Support (National and Local separated)
• Capacity building to Community Forestry members on fostering and managing forests, sustainable harvesting techniques of biomass for energy (firewood, sustainable charcoal production), including integrated recording for monitoring purposes.
• The limited choice of target groups is due to the consideration that this activity is implementing new approaches in managing and protecting the forest resources. At the initial stage (until early 2015), the project is aiming to build sufficient knowledge and expertise from a limited target group. The knowledge, good practices, lessons learnt and experiences obtained in this stage will be capitalized and implemented in the entire relevant forest areas in Cambodia.

ExpectedResults/Outputs:

Diversion of biomass extraction from natural forest to properly managed wood lots as sustainable sources of energy

Requirements:

Communities and FAC and MIME are familiar with sustainable wood biomass energy supply from CF (Community Forestry)

Implementing

Agency:

GERES Cambodia