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The Tokyo Initiative on Smart Energy Saving

～ Toward a Smart Energy City ～

May 2012

Bureau  of Environment

Tokyo  Metropolitan Government

Table of Contents

Toward a Smart Energy City                                                    

(Policy for Smart Energy Saving in and beyond 2012) 

§1    Measures Taken So Far and Achievements

～Lessons from the Experience of Dealing with the Power Shortage～

・Coping with Power Shortage Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake ・p5

・The Continuation and Wide Acceptance of Significant Power Saving since Summer 2011

・New Stage of Tokyo’s Energy Saving Initiativev 

Policy for Promoting Energy Saving In and beyond Summer 2012

～“Smart Energy Saving” Based on Last Year’s Experiences～

・Outlook on Power Supply and Demand in Summer 2012

・Philosophy (Core Concept) of “Smart Energy Saving”

・Seven Principles of “Smart Energy Saving” at Facilities

・Seven Principles of “Smart Energy Saving” at Households

・TMG’s Measures toward Ensuring “Smart Energy Saving” and

Popularizing it as a Permanent Initiative 

-Measures for large facilities

-Measures for small and medium-sized facilities

-Measures for households

-Cooperation with local and municipal governments in the Greater Tokyo Area

(Measures toward a Future Smart Energy City)

 §3    Toward a Smart Energy City

～ Tokyo’s Vision of a Cutting Edge City Based on Smart Energy Saving～ 

(1)  Vision of a Desirable Smart Energy City

・What is a Smart Energy City?

・Direction of the Energy Saving Initiative

(2)  Measures Intended to Achieve a Smart Energy City

・Implementation of Measures at Business Facilities

・Improvement of New Buildings’ Energy Saving Performance

・Promotion of Housing-Related Measures

・Expansion of Use of Renewable Energy and Other Low-Carbon

Power Sources and Distributed Power Sources

・Urban Development that Incorporates Optimum Energy Control in Terms of Both Supply and Demand 

(3)  Cooperation with Private Companies, etc.

・Cooperation with Private Companies

・Strengthening of International Cooperation

References

City Profile

◆  Tokyo in Comparison with the Rest of Japan 

◆  Status of Energy Consumption 

Toward a Smart Energy City beyond Power Saving

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) has been promoting energy saving and expanding the use of renewable energy through pioneering climate change policy such as the implementation of the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program for Large Facilities.

During the power crisis that followed the Great East Japan Earthquake, the TMG implemented emergency measures concerning both power supply and demand by taking advantage of the experience of the climate change policy so far conducted.

In summer 2011, when concerns grew over a supply-demand squeeze, many households and offices made energy saving efforts. As a result, peak power demand in the service area of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) was reduced by around 10 GW compared with 2010, enabling us to overcome the power crisis.

In the autumn and winter through the spring, power demand stayed lower than the pre-earthquake level by around 4 GW. This suggests that power demand has shifted downward as a structural trend.

Moreover, last year’s power crisis spurred the creation of new businesses focusing on energy saving and accelerated the  construction of low-carbon buildings that make full use of the most advanced technologies. Thus, Tokyo’s energy saving initiative has entered a new stage.

In the meantime, regarding the global environment that serves as the foundation of human life, the climate change crisis has been getting worse, with extreme weather events occurring frequently. However, given Japan’s growing dependence on thermal power generation, greenhouse gas emissions are certain to increase unless something is done to prevent that. From the perspective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as well, promoting further energy saving is essential.

In addition, it is a huge challenge for Tokyo to enhance its disaster resistance by diversifying energy supply sources in order to protect the lives of Tokyo residents and preserve the city’s critical functions as the Japanese capital in the event of an emergency such as the devastating earthquake expected to occur with the metropolitan area as the epicenter.

At the same time, if Tokyo is to continue to be the competitive business center in Asia, it is essential to ensure the comfortable office spaces and living environments that make it possible to maintain the core element of Tokyo’s competitiveness, namely,  superior intellectual productivity.

In light of the aforementioned circumstances, Tokyo should aim to eliminate wasteful energy usage and thoroughly implement and enhance “smart energy saving” based on the experiences of last summer. Having done that, Tokyo should transform itself into a “smart energy city” that enhances low carbon capability, comfortable environments and disaster resistance at the same time. 

Therefore, in this report, “The Tokyo Initiative on Smart Energy Saving,” we set forth the following:

■ Policy for the “smart energy saving” initiative that should be pursued in summer 2012 and beyond

■ Measures that the TMG should take in order to transform  itself into a “smart energy city” in the future.

As a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear power station accident, Japan needs to carry out a fundamental revision of its electric power policy. It is necessary not only to reform the power supply system but also to establish a system to promote energy saving and power demand reduction.

Tokyo is responsible for playing the leading role in national efforts toward energy saving and management.

In the future, the TMG will promote energy saving and management based on the policy set forth here. 

§1    Measures Taken So Far and

Achievements

～Lessons from the Experience of Dealing with the Power Shortage～

Coping with Power Shortage Caused by the Great East Japan

   Earthquake                                                                                         

In summer 2011, a significant power shortage of up to 6.2 GW was expected in the service area of TEPCO. Consequently, the national government imposed power usage restrictions on large-lot users  based on the Electricity Business Act, requiring a 15% reduction in their power usage compared with the peak usage in the previous summer.

Based on the Tokyo Emergency Power-Saving  Program,  which was formulated in May 2011, the TMG made every possible power-saving effort in its own activities and encouraged residents and companies to practice energy saving by taking advantage of climate change countermeasures so far taken.

Peak power demand in summer 2011 was reduced by around 10 GW compared with summer 2010 through vigorous efforts by residents and companies in Tokyo, such as reducing the brightness of office lighting; shifting to LED lighting; and keeping consumer electronics and home appliances in energy saving mode. As a result, rolling blackouts were averted.

The continuation of significant energy saving represents the achievement of measures taken by many residents and companies in Tokyo.

*Down 8.7 GW (15%)

[In the Service Area of TEPCO]

“*”  indicates  power  saving  effect  adjusted for temperature (from materials compiled by the Japanese government committee on the review of supply and demand)

Pre-earthquake power demand peak In summer 2010 to spring 2011*

＊Data for March 11 and later represent figures for the same period of 2010.

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[...] 

Revision of the brightness of lighting in offices and retail stores has brought particularly significant benefits.

Last summer, the mainstream brightness of lighting in offices and other facilities declined from 750 lux or more to 500 lux or less. According to a survey conducted by the TMG, many business facilities intend to keep lighting brightness at the reduced level.

●In summer 2010, 50% of business facilities set the lighting brightness at around 750 lux. (Nearly 20% set the brightness at 1,000 lux or more, while around 20% set it at 500 lux or less.).

●During summer 2011, 70% of business facilities set the lighting brightness at around 500 lux or less.

●During summer 2012, 60% of business facilities intend to keep the lighting brightness at around 500 lux or less.

300 lux or less           500 lux of less        750 lux                  1000 lux or more          Unknown

Status during summer 2010

Status during summer 2011 Possible status during

summer 2012

（TMG survey）

●Many Western countries have set the brightness standard of 500 lux or less.

• ● After the earthquake, the Architectural Institute of Japan presented an emergency recommendation for the lowering of the practical lighting brightness and revision of the lighting brightness standard.
• ● Through  revision  of  the  JIS  (Japanese  Industrial  Standards),  the  national  government  adopted   a desirable brightness range of 500 to 1,000 lux.

Comparison of office building lighting brightness (general brightness standards)

Unit: Lux

（Source）IEA/OECD.LIGHT’S LOBOUR’S LOST Policies for energy-efficient lighting. 2006

＊In May 2011, the government  revised the JIS and adopted a desirable brightness range of 500 to 1000 lux in lux in addition to the recommended brightness of 750 lux.

Reference: Notable features of power consumption in Tokyo

New Stage of Tokyo’s Energy Saving Initiative

Through the experience of power saving implemented on a massive scale during summer 2011, which might be called a “grand social laboratory experiment,” we have learned where energy is wasted, what energy saving measures are effective and what  measures cause an excessive burden. Through frequent trial and error, we have also learned that the conduct of power saving measures that were previously seen as unlikely to gain acceptance as permanent measures is feasible.

This has been recognized not only by government officials but also by many residents and companies. New ways of doing business are emerging based on the experience of overcoming the tight power supply-demand balance.

Now that Tokyo’s energy saving initiative has entered a new stage, what we should do for the moment is ensure the initiative will continue as a permanent effort.

 §§2      Policy  for Promoting  Energy  Saving In  and  beyond  Summer 2012～”Smart Energy Saving” Based on Based on the experience of the

Summer of 2011

The basic principle of energy saving in and beyond summer 2012  is to take advantage of the achievements made through measures taken by many residents and companies in Tokyo and at the same  time eliminate wasteful energy usage and ensure that the lifestyle of “smart energy saving” becomes widely accepted as a permanent initiative.

Outlook on Power Supply and Demand in Summer 2012

According to a report issued by the governmental committee on the review of power supply and demand (May 12, 2012), power supply and demand in the service area of TEPCO in summer 2012 is estimated as follows:

Unit:  Mega  Watt

(in the service area of TEPCO)

Even during an extreme heat wave, a power supply-demand squeeze which reduces the reserve ratio of the total amount of TEPCO’s power supply below 3%, seen as the minimum level necessary for absorbing demand fluctuations, will not occur every day provided that we eliminate wasteful energy usage and steadily make reasonable power saving efforts. Even if such a squeeze occurs, it will be confined to limited time zones.

<Assumption 1＞

Some power (1,035MW at the maximum) will be provided out of TEPCO’s supply capacity (57.71 GW in August) to Western Japan to ease supply power constraints in the region, leaving 56,675MW available in the service area of TEPCO. Deduction of the capacity equivalent to the reserve ratio of 3% (allowance necessary for absorbing demand fluctuations) from this figure leaves 55,020MW.

→If peak power demand surpasses 55,020MW, the reserve ratio will fall below 3%.

<Assumption 2>

Economic factors will increase peak power demand by 2% in 2012 (adjusted for power saving effect) compared with 2010, when the summer heat wave was extreme, while power saving will reduce it by   10% (Report by the Japanese government committee on the review of supply and demand).

→If the heat wave is as strong as in 2010, peak power demand is estimated to be 8% lower than in 2010.

Philosophy (Core Concept) of “Smart Energy Saving”

The peak power demand estimated for this summer in light of the effects of the power saving measures so far taken is lower than the supply capacity. However, if we are to prepare for the possibility of providing some power to other regions to ease their power supply constraints or the possibility of a power shortage or another emergency occurring in Tokyo itself, we need to continue power saving measures.

Moreover, energy saving and power demand reduction are important in order to deal with an increase in CO2 emissions arising from the operation of thermal power plants with low efficiency.

Measures that need to be taken this summer and beyond are not those that would place an excessive burden on users, such as requiring factories to change their operating hours. What is needed is “smart energy saving” that eliminates wasteful power usage and enables flexible response to a supply-demand squeeze while maintaining the benefits of urban life and the comfortable environments of offices and households.

Seven Principles of “Smart Energy Saving” at Business Industrial Facilities

1. Make sure to  keep  the  lighting brightness at 500 lux or less, eliminate wasteful  energy usage and continue the revision of lighting brightness as a permanent measure.

As a measure that can be continued all year around, reduction of lighting and revision of lighting brightness, which were implemented in Tokyo in summer 201,1 should be accepted widely as permanent measures (desktop brightness should be 500 lux or less [around 300 to 500 lux]).

Take care to keep the room temperature from rising above 28 degrees Celsius

<Ensure a comfortable environment by managing humidity as well>

Take the following measures in order to manage the office room temperature:

①  Check the actual room temperature.

② Circulate indoor air using air-circulating equipment (electric fans).

③ Make effective use of blinds (simultaneously make use of sunlight and reduce heat by keeping the blind blades in a horizontal position).

④ Reduce the intake of outdoor air through appropriate management of the indoor CO2 concentration.

⑤  Manage humidity as well: when humidity is high, the room temperature should be kept relatively  low.

1. Make sure to keep OA equipment in energy saving mode

✓          Make sure to take energy saving measures regarding OA equipment that can be continued all year

around, including reducing the stand-by power consumption of personal computers and printers and lowering the display brightness.

*Brightness: Brightness of the display

Share benefits of power saving and encourage universal saving effort by “making power consumption “visible”.

<Identify peak power demand via demand-monitoring equipment> Use demand-monitoring equipment and building energy management systems to keep track of power usage and identify facilities that consume power on a large scale. Identify the benefits of power saving measures and ensure that business operators, building owners, tenants and customers work together to effectively save energy and reduce peak power demand.

Save energy by improving equipment efficiency without undermining the office environment.

Ensure efficient operation of facilities and equipment through such measures as discontinuing venting of elevator machine chambers and electric equipment chambers and revising the temperature setting (set at above 30 degrees Celsius or higher) and ensuring appropriate maintenance and management including periodic filter cleaning.

In normal times, avoid the implementation of measures that cause an excessive burden compared with benefits, such as suspending the operation of elevators.

In normal times, avoid the implementation of measures that excessively undermine the comfortable working environment. The measures to be avoided include: suspending the operation of elevators and escalators in office buildings and railway stations; keeping the train temperature at 28 degrees Celsius or higher during rush hours; keeping the factory floor temperature at 28 degrees Celsius or higher; switching off road and sidewalk lighting at nighttime; shifting factory operation to night hours and holidays; and excessively restraining the use of air conditioning on extremely hot days.

1. Prepare additional measures that may be taken if a warning regarding a power

✓    supply-demand squeeze has been issued.

Prepare additional measures that may be taken in response to a power supply-demand squeeze according to the seriousness of the squeeze (e.g., suspending the operation of elevators and escalators). 

■Reduced power consumption by 18% by revising lighting brightness through  cooperation  between  building owners and tenants (20% total reduction for all measures)

～An example case at a large tenant building～

■    Reduced power consumption by up to 20%, more than was required by the government’s order for power usage reduction in summer 2011.

■    90% of the consumption reduction is estimated to have been achieved through lighting-related power saving measures.

＜Implemented power saving measures＞

Frequent exchange of information with tenants

・Semi-annual meetings with tenants

・Exchange of opinions on an as -needed basis

Listen to tenants’ requests and                                              make adjustments according                                to each tenant’s circumstances

■Reduced power consumption by 33% by managing power demand through        real-time “visualization” of power usage

～An example case at a mid-size factory～

■ Introduced a service that enables existing power usage monitoring equipment to provide real-time display of power usage and past data on power demand and usage.

■ Took appropriate measures in light of the analysis of the data, which showed that most power consumption resulted from lighting and air conditioning, rather than from use of production machinery (around a quarter resulted from the use of production machinery).

<Implemented power saving measures>

• Reduced the overly bright ceiling lighting by between one half and two thirds.
• Measured the temperature at various places in the factory, including the air intake areas of air  conditioners and remote areas, so as to keep the air conditioning temperature setting at an optimum level.

Introduced after the earthquake 

Excellent practices adopted at facilities in Tokyo are available for viewing on the TMG website.(In Japanese)

① March 12 Nikkei Environmental Symposium “Toward a Smart Energy City beyond Power Saving”

Smart energy saving measures implemented in office buildings, universities and other facilities during summer 2011 and planned for the future are shown (available for viewing now)

② Examples of energy saving at large facilities

Example cases explained at seminars on energy saving and power demand reduction will be  shown (to be available for viewing from mid-May).

③ Examples of energy saving at small and medium-size facilities

Examples explained at briefings on excellent examples are shown (available for viewing now)

④ Examples of energy saving at facilities during summer 2011

Reports based on hearings of specifically how energy saving measures were taken in workplaces will be shown (to become gradually available for viewing from mid-May)

Seven Principles of “Smart Energy Saving” at Households

✓1.   Make  sure  to  keep  the  refrigerator  cooling  strength  at “medium” during summertime.

Implement a measure that saves energy and reduces power demand continuously with one setting change.

✓2.      Make sure to put the TV into energy saving mode.

Implement a measure that saves energy and reduces power demand continuously with one setting change, such as putting TVs into energy saving mode and lowering display brightness.

✓3.      Replace incandescent lamps with LED lamps or fluorescent lamps.

Implement a measure that saves energy and reduces power demand continuously with a one-time replacement.

✓4.              Make effective use of air conditioners and electric fans so as to keep the room temperature from rising above 28 degrees Celsius.

<When humidity is high, energy can be saved more effectively if the room temperature is kept lower.>

To ensure effective use, implement the following measures:

(1)    Frequently clean the filters.

(2)    Circulate air by using electric fans.

(3)    Block the sunlight with bamboo blinds and “green curtains.”

(4)    Clear the area around the compressor unit.

(5)    Cover the compressor unit with a bamboo blind.

(6)    Avoid the use of the humidity reduction mode and frequent switching on and off. (Keep the air conditioner on when you go out for only half an hour or so.)

✓5.      Do not excessively restrain the use of air conditioners on extremely hot days.

Avoid power saving efforts that may undermine human health on extremely hot days in light of   the risk of heatstroke.

✓6.               Practice meticulous energy saving regarding consumer electronics   and home appliances.

Switch off the TV when it is not being watched. Switch off lighting during the daytime and keep it to a minimum during nighttime. Unplug consumer electronics and home appliances which are not in use; reduce water usage; minimize the time when the refrigerator door is open; avoid overstuffing the refrigerator; and replace vacuum cleaner bags frequently.

✓7.               Avoid using power-hungry consumer electronics and home appliances during the peak demand time zone around 2 p.m. on weekdays. This principle should

especially be followed when a warning regarding a power supply-demand squeeze has been issued.

Avoid using particularly power-hungry consumer electronics and home appliances, such as IH cooking heaters, microwave ovens, electric pots, irons, bathroom driers and laundry driers, in the time zone around 2 p.m. on weekdays. Avoid using two or more power-hungry consumer electronics and home appliances at the same time: for example, when using the microwave oven, switch off the air conditioner.

■How to change the refrigerator temperature When the temperature adjustment dial is located in the refrigerator chamber:

(Note) Some types have the operation panel on the front side of the door panel.

■How to put TV into energy saving mode

～When reducing the brightness of the LCD display: 

■How to select LED lamps

Power consumption of an LED lamp is a sixth to a quarter of that of an incandescent lamp and the former’s operating life is around 40 times as long as that of the latter. Be sure to check the brightness and the outlet size when shifting to LED lighting for the first time. The brightness of LED lamps is universally measured in lumen (lm).

Check the brightness.

The larger the lumen value, which represents the amount of Light emitted from the lamp the higher the brightness is.

Check the socket size.

Broadly speaking, there are two socket sizes, E26 and E17. Choose the appropriate socket size 

Brightness benchmarks: Watt (W) and lumen (lm)

TMG’s  Measures   toward  Ensuring  “Smart  Energy Saving” as a Permanent Initiative

■Measures for large facilities

■     Promoting excellent practices and smart measures by holding seminars on energy saving and power demand reduction

The TMG will promote the implementation of smart energy saving measures by large facilities, which are covered by the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program (Mandatory carbon reduction program to reduce the total volume of CO2 emissions in Tokyo) based on the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Security Ordinance. The TMG will use such occasions as a seminar on energy saving and power demand reduction for building owners and tenants and a conference held to announce example cases of energy saving by top-level business facilities to explain excellent practices, smart measures and measures that may be improved to further reduce energy consumption in light of the implementation status during summer 2011.

■Measures for small and medium-size facilities

■     Energy-saving advisory program by the Tokyo Metropolitan Center for Climate Change Actions (Cool Net Tokyo)

The Tokyo Metropolitan Center for Climate Change Actions (Cool Net Tokyo) implements the free energy-saving advisory program (around 600 cases are handled annually) and provides advice on concrete energy saving and power demand reduction measures. In addition, it holds industry-specific seminars  and joint seminars on energy saving and power demand with municipalities in preparation for the summer.

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■ Promoting excellent practices and smart energy saving measures by holding seminars

At a seminar for facilities covered by a mandatory carbon reduction reporting program for small and medium-sized facilities (more than 30,000 facilities submitted reports in fiscal 2011) based on the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Security Ordinance, the TMG will explain smart energy saving and  power demand reduction measures taken in light of the implementation status in summer 2011 (around mid-June 2012).

■ Cooperating with companies to promote a shift to energy saving-oriented business styles that eliminate wasteful  energy usage

Based on the experience of energy saving and power demand reduction during summer 2011, the TMG will consider revisions of energy usage mainly at retail stores regarding lighting and air conditioning and promote the continuation of energy saving-oriented business styles that eliminate wasteful energy usage.

■ Supporting the installation of demand-monitoring equipment

The TMG will promote the implementation of measures to reduce power demand and secure power supply necessary for continuation of business activity by providing small and medium-sized enterprises with subsidies for the installation of demand-monitoring equipment, independent power generation facilities and storage batteries.

■Measures for households

■ Around 4,000 TMG-certified advisors provide advice on power-saving measures.

As in summer 2011, energy saving advisers will provide households with advice on energy saving and power demand reduction starting in June 2012. In addition to making door-to-door visits, they will provide free advice on effective energy saving and power demand reduction measures at various lectures and events organized by the managing organizations under the advisory program.

In summer 2012, the scope of energy saving advisors’ activities will be expanded to include the provision of advice at energy saving seminars organized by municipalities and in-store lectures on energy saving held in commercial facilities.

■Cooperation with local and municipal governments in the Greater Tokyo Area

The TMG will strengthen cooperation with municipalities in Tokyo and will also work with other prefectures and municipalities in the Greater Tokyo Area to promote and raise awareness about energy saving and power demand reduction.

Energy saving measures implemented in the TMG headquarter buildings

1.  Results of measures implemented during summer 2011

In summer 2011, we implemented various measures in order to reduce peak power demand in the TMG headquarters buildings by up to 25% (8,325 kW) compared with the summer 2010 level (11,100 kW). As a result, we achieved a 29% peak demand reduction.

2.    Continuation of reasonable energy saving

～Continuation of “reasonable energy saving measures” as permanent measures   and

implementation of measures to reduce peak demand according to the seriousness of the supply-demand squeeze ～

During autumn 2011 and thereafter, we have continued energy saving measures, such as reducing lighting in offices by half (lighting brightness at 500 lux or less). Until now, we have kept overall power consumption around 10% lower than the 2010 level. The contracted power usage has been reduced from 11,100 kW to 9,500 kW.

While maintaining the current level of energy saving results, we will implement additional measures in the event of a supply-demand squeeze (in normal times, we will avoid the implementation of measures that would impose an excessive burden, such as suspending the operation of elevators).

We will routinely implement effective energy saving measures, including further popularization of existing measures and at the same time, we are ready to implement measures to reduce peak demand on days and time zones when more aggressive energy saving is required.

●Changes in peak power demand in TMG headquarters buildings (kW) 

Contracted power usage was reduced from 11,100 kW to 9,500 kW.

●Measures taken in TMG headquaters buildings

• Reduced lighting in offices by one half (500 lux or less).
• Reasonable Energy saving measures taken

•Switched off lighting near windows and at entrances/exits.

• Kept the office room temperature below 28 degrees Celsius.
• routinely conditioning 
• Optimized air conditioning through CO2 concentration management.

• Switched off air conditioning in lobbies and some other areas.
• Kept OA equipment in energy saving mode and made power usage visible.

Measures to be taken in the event of supply-demand squeeze

Additional

• Suspended the operation of some hot water supply systems and half of the tea supply appliances.

Prepared measures to be taken in the event of a power supply-demand squeeze according to the seriousness of the squeeze in light of the measures taken during summer 2011 (results in summer 2011: 29% reduction compared with summer 2010).

§3    Toward  a  Smart  Energy  City

～ Tokyo’s Vision of a Cutting Edge City Based on Smart Energy Saving～

(1)  Vision of a Desirable Smart Energy City

What is a Smart Energy City?

In addition to pioneering climate change policy, Tokyo must evolve into a “smart energy city” that simultaneously achieves low carbon, comfortable environments and disaster resistance in order to prepare for disasters and enhance the benefits of urban life and intellectual productivity based on “smart energy saving” as mentioned in §2.

Smart energy city that simultaneously achieves the following three elements

Low carbon

(Leading the fight against climate change)

Comfortable environment (Enhancing intellectual productivity in business offices)

Disaster resistance (Creating a highly disaster-resistant city)

Incorporating smart energy saving and “low-carbon” energy utilization into economic and social activities

Smart energy saving will take root and low-carbon social systems, technologies and lifestyles that enable CO2 emission reduction will spread as part of urban activities in Tokyo in terms of both energy supply and demand.

Optimal    control    of    urban    energy    supply   and    demand    to    ensure

“comfortable”  office  and  living environments

We will accept widely energy saving and power demand reduction measures that make the environments of offices and houses more comfortable as spaces for the intellectual productivity that represents the source of Tokyo’s economic vitality. At the same time, we will maintain productivity and identify the peak demand and save power as needed.

Diversifying energy sources to achieve a high level of  “disaster  resistance”

The use of distributed energy systems that make use of cogeneration, storage batteries and renewable energy will be expanded in order to ensure the continuity of business activity and everyday life even if an emergency such as a natural disaster halts energy supply from external sources. 

Direction of the Energy Saving Initiative

In order to achieve a smart energy city, it is important to promote urban development that (1) makes maximum use of technologies  and knowhow concerning energy saving and power demand reduction; (2) widely uses low-carbon, independent distributed energy systems; and (3) incorporates a social system of optimal energy management capable of improving energy utilization efficiency.

* Buildings (houses) in which annual consumption of primary energy is zero or almost zero on a net basis due to the improvement of energy saving performance of building (housing) frames and facilities and the use of renewable energy

*Passive capability:

Buildings’ capability to take advantage of the natural environment as represented by sunlight, wind, temperature, etc.

*BEMS（Building Energy Management System）

*HEMS（Home Energy Management System）

Systems that achieve comprehensive energy  saving by enabling comprehensive grasp of the status of energy supply and demand in the whole building and efficient operation of equipment and facilities.

*Demand response program

A program to give users incentives to curb demand as a way to ensure optimum control of power supply and demand (pricing by season and time zone, provision of economic incentive to users who have curbed demand, etc.)

■  Enhancement of environmentally-friendly buildings to promote low carbon

・Improve  both  the  insulation  performance   and   the   “passive   energy utilization capability” of buildings and facilities, that is the capability to make effective use of natural energy and environment such as solar heat and light, wind and greenery.

・Installation of energy efficient building facilities (air conditioners, lighting, venting and hot water supply systems)

■  Meticulous energy saving and power demand reduction in the operation of equipment and facilities

・Continuously improve the operation of equipment and facilities

・Use energy efficient OA equipment  and  home  appliances,  make  power consumption   visible   and   ensure   meticulous   individual   control of equipment and facilities by linkage of BEMS, HEMS and storage batteries, etc.

■  Expansion of use of renewable energy

・Promote and expand the  use  of  renewable  energy  available  in  Tokyo, mainly solar energy (photovoltaic and solar thermal energy).

・Make aggressive use of mega-solar, wind and geothermal power systems;

energy sources which have huge potential in regions outside Tokyo.

・Curb  power  usage  according  to  changes   in   power   output   and make efficient use of power and heat storage equipment.

■  Enhancement of disaster resistance by using diverse energy sources

・Ensure the continuity of business  activities  and  everyday  life  by  using diverse  energy  sources  and  systems,  including  electricity,  gas, oil, renewable energy and storage batteries.

・Expand  the  use  of  independent  distributed  energy  systems  that    can be utilized in normal times as well as in emergencies, such as energy efficient cogeneration systems. 

■  Creation of a low-carbon, highly disaster-resistant city that incorporates energy management.

・Ensure optimal energy control  of  a  large  number  of  users  by grouping them by zone and community. etc.

・Use  incentive  programs  that  encourage  energy  users  to  continuously

cooperate in curbing power usage, such as the demand response program.

・Enhance low carbon capability and disaster resistance by taking advantage of economies of scale in office zones through the introduction of large-scale and energy efficient cogeneration systems. etc. 

./ Feasibility study on area energy management in Otemachi, Marunouchi and Yurakucho areas

The TMG is conducting a joint feasibility study with urban developers on an energy management system in business office areas. In the study, we are considering the specifics of the project, including the scope of the implementing organization’s operations, based on the assumption of introducing distributed energy systems, including cogeneration and renewable energy systems. For example, the implementing organization would make optimum supply-demand adjustments with the participation of tenants while enhancing low carbon capability and disaster resistance through integrated management of electricity and heat.

<Peak grid power demand reduction effect due to energy management (concept)>

Reduction of grid power usage due to photovoltaic power generation

Reduction of grid power usage due to cogeneration power generation

Reduction of demand due to the demand response program

Peak grid power usage reduction effect due to energy management

(2)  Measures Intended to Achieve a Smart Energy City

 Implementation of Measures at Business Facilities        

■ Implementing measures that appreciate users who choose low carbon power and heat with preferential treatment concerning compliance with the CO2 reduction obligation under the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program for Large Facilities

We will consider implementing measures appreciating users’ choice of low carbon power and heat under the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program for Large Facilities.

In addition, we will promote the installation and use of highly efficient cogeneration systems by enforcing the calculation rule under the program that gives preference to the use of cogeneration systems operated with  high efficiency.

It should be noted that in order to avert the impact of an increase in CO2 emissions at the facilities covered by the program due to a rise in electric power companies’ CO2 emissions factor, a fixed emissions factor is used to calculate CO2 emissions for the purpose of clearly identifying efforts made by energy consumers during the program period.

■ Steady operation of the Tokyo Carbon Reduction Reporting Program for small and medium-sized facilities

～Introducing a CO2 benchmarking that enables small and

medium-sized enterprises to evaluate the level of their own CO2 emissions

We will develop a CO2 benchmark that enables small and  medium-size enterprises to evaluate the relative level of CO2 emissions from their own facilities compared with the emission level of other facilities based on data for more than 30,000 small and medium-sized facilities that have been collected through reports submitted under the Tokyo Carbon Reduction Reporting Program for small and  medium-sized facilities. The benchmark will be provided for use by small and medium-sized enterprises to encourage them to take more effective energy saving and global warming countermeasures.

■ Implementing measures that promote the positive evaluation of small and medium-sized buildings with low CO2 emissions in the real estate market

In order to develop a real estate market in which energy saving renovations by building owners are positively evaluated by investors and ensure that renovated buildings are preferred by tenants, we will promote the popularization of low CO2 emission buildings through effective provision and communication of information concerning the environmental performance, such as the CO2 benchmarks, of buildings that have been submitted and disclosed under the Tokyo Carbon Reduction Reporting Program for small and medium-sized facilities. In addition, we will consider a labeling system that demonstrates the benefits of the environmental performance of buildings owned by business operators. 

 Improvement of New Buildings’ Energy Saving Performance         

■ Enhancing buildings’ energy saving performance

In order to improve large buildings’ energy saving performance and enhance the energy saving performance level of future buildings, we will consider revising the energy saving standards. In addition, we will consider requiring the submission of green building plans in order to improve small and medium-size  buildings energy saving performance.

As the adoption of “passive design” that makes effective use of natural light and wind leads to energy saving in buildings, we will continue to promote it.

Moreover, in order to promote smart energy utilization, we will consider establishing measures to promote the positive evaluation in the Tokyo Green Building Program for new buildings of measures to make energy consumption visible in large buildings.

■ Expanding the use of renewable energy

Regarding large buildings, we will consider requiring the installation of a certain ratio of renewable energy facilities in order to expand the installation of such facilities in new buildings in light of past installation achievement and the national government’s adoption of the feed-in tariff program.

Regarding medium-sized buildings, we will also consider measures requiring consideration of the possibility of installing renewable energy facilities.

■ Enhancing    labeling    concerning    buildings’   environmental performance

Regarding new buildings, we will consider a system of requiring labeling of buildings’ overall environmental performance.

Regarding existing buildings, it is necessary to promote energy saving at the operational level, so we will continue to promote information disclosure concerning CO2 emissions based on actual energy consumption. Regarding small and medium-sized buildings, we will consider a labeling system that demonstrates the benefits   of the environmental performance of buildings owned by business operators.

Promotion of Housing-Related Measures

■ Improving houses’ energy saving performance

We will consider raising the evaluation standard of large condominium buildings’ energy saving performance and requiring the submission of energy saving plans regarding medium-sized condominium buildings in accordance with the Tokyo  Metropolitan Condominium Environment Performance Labeling System, which is based on the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Security Ordinance.

In addition, we will improve houses’ energy saving performance by prompting the adoption of passive solar systems that take advantage of solar light and heat without using mechanical or electrical equipment.

Expansion of Use of Renewable Energy and Other Low-Carbon Power Sources and Distributed Power Sources

■ Considering a new scheme to promote photovoltaic power generation in houses

In light of the national government’s adoption of the feed-in tariff program, we will consider a new scheme that enables houses to install solar panels at reasonable cost and with adequate after-sale service in cooperation with private companies so that photovoltaic power generation can be further promoted.

■ Expanding the use of solar heat in houses (already mentioned above)

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■ Introducing a program to promote consideration of the use of highly efficient cogeneration systems from the early planning stages of large-scale urban developments.

Regarding large-scale development projects which are expected to generate massive and highly dense energy demands, it is effective to introduce highly efficient cogeneration systems using waste heat generated during the power generation process. To encourage consideration of the installation of such systems at an early planning stage, we will consider a program to promote the installation of highly efficient cogeneration systems under the District Energy Planning Program for Effective Utilization.

■ Promoting the use of energy efficient cogeneration systems under the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program for Large Facilities

We will promote the installation and use of energy efficient cogeneration systems by evaluating the power saving effects of cogeneration systems operated with high efficiency at facilities covered by the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program for Large Facilities.

■ Promoting the installation of energy efficient cogeneration systems

We will promote the installation of energy efficient cogeneration systems which enable effective use of waste heat generated during the power generation process and which can continue power  supply in the event of disasters by cooperating with private urban developers and by providing subsidies for the installation of such systems.

Urban    Development    that    Incorporates    Optimum

 Energy Control in Terms of Both Supply and Demand 

■ Promoting energy management in housing development

We will promote condominium development projects incorporating an energy management system on sites made available through the rebuilding of TMG-operated residential buildings by making use of private companies’ innovative ideas and technologies. We will encourage housing energy management and enhance housing disaster resistance by enabling optimal management of energy supply-demand in normal times and ensuring a necessary level of power supply for the continuation of everyday life in the event of a disaster through the installation of such equipment as renewable energy, cogeneration and storage battery systems.

■ Promoting energy management in business office areas

We will promote the use of low-carbon, distributed energy systems, such as renewable energy and cogeneration systems, in business office areas in Tokyo. At the same time, we will promote partnership programs with urban developers to promote efficient use of energy while enhancing disaster resistance through integrated management of energy supply and demand.

In light of the results of a survey conducted regarding the Otemachi, Marunouchi and Yurakucho areas as model areas for energy management (refer to Page xx), we will communicate information concerning how local energy management should be conducted and promote the introduction of local energy management in future urban development projects.

In addition, we will promote efforts to create a low-carbon city with comfortable office and living environments and with a high level of disaster resistance by implementing leading projects in the Tokyo waterfront city area etc. in order to secure distributed energy.

*ZEH（net zero energy houses） Houses in which annual consumption of primary energy is zero or almost zero on a net basis due to the improvement     of      energy     saving performance of housing frames and facilities and the use of renewable energy

(3)   Cooperation with Private Companies, etc.

Cooperation with Private Companies

Maintaining a comfortable office environment and enhancing disaster resistance while implementing power saving is a huge challenge for private companies such as urban developers and general contractors as well.

The TMG will make efforts to increase public support for energy management and develop a new business model in cooperation with companies and municipalities in Tokyo that are proactively involved in the ZEB initiative and the introduction of energy management systems.

Strengthening of International Cooperation

Currently, urban areas account for around 70% of the global energy consumption. Improving energy efficiency and enhancing low carbon capability of urban areas is a challenge for which cities around the world should cooperate and play the leading role.

The TMG has been implementing low carbon  policy  measures such as the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program for Large Facilities and promoting the development of low-carbon buildings in cooperation with private companies. These measures and post-earthquake energy saving efforts have drawn strong interest from around the world.

The TMG will use various occasions to communicate these measures and their results to the world and provide its experience and knowhow to cities around the world. In addition, in order to achieve a “smart energy city,” the TMG will strengthen cooperation with leading cities regarding how to promote ZEB/ZEH (net zero energy buildings (houses)).

As there are growing needs for energy saving and low carbon capability in Asian cities facing rapid urbanization and steep growth in energy consumption, the TMG will contribute to the development of low carbon capability in Asia by actively transferring policy knowhow to such Asian cities.

References

◆      Urban Energy policy in Tokyo

(Diversification and decentralization of energy sources through use of “made-in-Tokyo power”)

1. Enhancing power plants performance and promoting low-carbon grid power supply near-by demand area
2. Tokyo Natural gas based Thermal Power Generation Project
3. Promotion of distributed energy sources and systems
4. Promotion of renewable energy

Enhancing power plants performance and promoting low-carbon

grid power supply near-by demand area

＜Significance＞

Promoting measures to replace planning of decrepit thermal power plants with the latest natural gas based combined cycle generators which achieve energy efficient and low carbon.

＜Current situation about decrepit thermal power plants near-by Tokyo＞

There are about 1.1 million kilowatts over decrepit thermal power plants along the Tokyo Bay coast.

1. Tokyo Natural gas based Thermal Power Generation Project (Developing Large-scale power plants (1 million kilowatts in scale))

<Significance>

• Securing energy sources through use of       “made-in-Tokyo power”
• Contribution to ensure highly efficient and low carbon energy sources
• TMG can take the initiative and propose deregulations to the national government to remove existing barriers

⇒  While making proposals to the national government, we will also take   actions on our own

• Establish a cross-sectional project team. (August, 2011) 

• Three places identified among TMG-owned land through a screening done under certain conditions, such as construction period and cost, or operation cost. (May, 2012)

～    Detailed surveys are currently underway

Securing Distributed Energy Sources

＜Significance＞

• • Expansion of use of distributed power sources such as natural gas based cogeneration system etc.

・Protecting  the  lives  of  Tokyo  residents  and  corporate  activities  in  the  case  of

earthquake that directly hits Tokyo area, and achieving low-carbon urban development.

Leading Project 

• · Establish power generators in addition to district heating and cooling (DHC)
  • · Develop power transmission and distribution network in a common utility duct 

• · Introduction of power generation system by private developers (Preparations for public offering underway in the Takeshiba District)
• Consideration to establish underground power generating facilities in parks

⇒ Preparations   underway   for   model   projects   in Tokyo’s post-disaster parks 

・Will accept 3,000kW supply in FY2012

・Will expand  this  to  6,000kW  by  FY2015 (securing power supply needed for work)

⇒Significant improvement of the buildings’  functions as an emergency shelter 

Expanding the Use of Renewable Energy

• PV System Installation in Tokyo

～Number of applications increased more than sevenfold after introducing the subsidy scheme.

～  Number of the total capacity of PV system installation increased more than  tenfold during the subsidy program.

• The total capacity of PV system installation for the household sector in Tokyo

Fiscal year 2008 Approx.420kW/month(Average)

↓

Fiscal year 2011 Approx.4,200kW/month(Average)

【Reference】

Subsidy scheme for solar heat installation to new houses also started

■Budget: 2 billion yen

■Period: FY2011-2015

(Application received from Nov. 16, 2011)

■Subsidy rate: 1/2 the eligible expenses

■Eligible expenses: equipment and installation costs

■Beneficiary: Housing companies 

(Photo: SANYO Homes)

(Photo: Tokyo Gas)

(Photo: Daiwa House Industry)

(Photo: Conserval Engineering Inc.)