1. Quantified information on the reference point, including, as appropriate, a base year 

a. Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s); 

Base year: 2005 

b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; 

Quantification of the reference indicator will be based on national GHG inventory reported in the NC and BTR submissions and may be updated due to the improvements in the GHG inventory.  

c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of NDCs where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information; 

n/a  

d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction; 

Economy-wide     carbon    intensity reduction (against GDP) of 45% in 2030 compared to 2005 level. 

e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s); 

The reference indicator will be quantified based on national GHG emissions and removals, and GDP in 2005. 

f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators. 

The national GHG emissions and removals in 2005 may be updated and recalculated due to continuous improvements of the GHG inventory. The GDP for the year 2005 would be rebased to the current constant price year available. Information on these updates, if any, will be included in the BTR. 

2. Time frames and/or periods for implementation 

a. Time frame and/or period for implementation, including start and end date, consistent with any further relevant decision adopted by the CMA;  

1^st January 2021 – 31^st December 

2030 

b. Whether it is a single-year or multiyear target, as applicable.  

Single year target in 2030 

3. Scope and coverage 

a. General description of the target; 

Economy-wide carbon intensity (against GDP) reduction of 45% in 2030 compared to 2005 level.  

b. Sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with IPCC guidelines; 

Sectors:  

Energy  

Industrial Processes and Product Use Waste 

Agriculture LULUCF. 

(The accounting contribution of LULUCF to Malaysia’s target is determined as described in 5(e)). 

GHGs:  

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 

Methane (CH₄) 

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) 

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 

Perfluorocarbon (PFCs) 

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆)  

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃) 

c. How the Party has taken into consideration paragraphs 31(c) and (d) of decision 1/CP.21; 

Malaysia’s NDC is economy-wide and will strive to include all key categories of anthropogenic emissions and removals. 

d. Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives of Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans.  

n/a 

4. Planning process 

a. Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its NDC and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate:  

i. Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; 

The NDC was developed through participatory process through interministerial/agencies/NGOs /private sector/academia working groups and consultations. It has been endorsed by the National Steering Committee on Climate Change and approved by the Malaysian Cabinet. 

ii. Contextual matters, including, inter alia, as appropriate:  

1. National circumstances, such as geography, climate, economy, sustainable development and poverty 

eradication;  

1. Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined 

contribution;  

1. Other contextual aspirations and priorities acknowledged when joining the Paris 

Agreement; 

The national circumstances of Malaysia had been reported through its National Communication and Biennial Update Report submissions.  

Stakeholder consultation is important in formulating an ambitious NDC.   

As a developing country, Malaysia needs to ensure a balance between its socio-economic development and low carbon agenda. 

b. Specific information applicable to Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 

      4,     paragraph     2,     of     the     Paris 

Agreement, including the Parties that agreed to act jointly and the terms of the agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16–18, of the 

Paris Agreement;  

n/a 

c. How the Party’s preparation of its NDC has been informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris 

Agreement;  

n/a 

d. Each Party with an NDC under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co-benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris Agreement to submit information on:  

1. How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the NDC;  
2. ii. Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to contribute to mitigation co-benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also yield mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors, such as energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry; and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture and fisheries.  

n/a 

5. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals:

a. Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals corresponding to the Party’s NDC, consistent with decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 31, and accounting guidance adopted by the CMA;   

In accounting for the NDC, the estimates of economy-wide emissions and removals will be reported in the inventory, and consistent with the inventory guidance contained in the Annex to decision 18/CMA1. The methodologies and metrics used are reflected in 5 (d). 

b. Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for the implementation of policies and measures or strategies in the NDC;  

n/a 

c. If applicable, information on how the Party will take into account existing methods and guidance under the Convention to account for anthropogenic emissions and removals, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 14, of the Paris Agreement, as appropriate;  

See (d)-(e) below. 

d. IPCC methodologies and metrics used for     estimating      anthropogenic greenhouse     gas emissions      and removals;  

IPCC Methodologies: 

Malaysia uses the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG 

Inventories to estimate anthropogenic 

GHG emissions and removals, IPCC Good Practice Guidance and 

Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands. 

Metrics: 

The 100-year time horizon GWP values from the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report or any future updates will be used to calculate the CO₂ equivalent emissions and removals in accordance with Decision 18/CMA.1. 

e. Sector-, category- or activity-specific assumptions, methodologies and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including, as applicable:   

Information provided in sections 5(e) and 5(f) are based on current policies and knowledge. Malaysia reserves the right to update the information as appropriate.  

Malaysia will apply the net-net accounting approach for the LULUCF sector.  

i. Approach to addressing emissions and subsequent removals from natural disturbances on managed lands;  

Currently, natural disturbances on managed lands are due to periodic incidence of forest fires. Emissions from natural disturbances that exceed the average emissions between 2001 to 

2020 caused by natural disturbances will not be accounted.

ii. Approach used to account for emissions and removals from harvested wood products;  

Malaysia is undertaking a study to consider the relevant approach to account emissions and removals from harvested wood products.

iii. Approach used to address the effects of age-class structure in forests; 

Activity data and emission factors would take into consideration the management type of forest land remaining forest land.

f. Other assumptions and methodological approaches used for understanding the NDC and, if applicable, estimating corresponding emissions and removals, including: 

Malaysia will continue to improve its methodologies to account for historical emissions. Adopting future improvements may affect historical emissions, including 2005 emissions.  

For the LULUCF sector, the activity based methodology is applied. 

i. How the reference indicators, baseline(s) and/or reference level(s), including, where applicable, sector-, category- or activity-specific reference levels, are constructed, including, for example, key parameters, assumptions, definitions, methodologies, data sources and models used;  

Malaysia will follow the guidance in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG 

Inventories consistent with decision 18/CMA.1 as appropriate. When information is not available, flexibility is to be applied. 

Malaysia will continue to improve its methodologies to account for historical emissions. Adopting future improvements may affect historical emissions, including 2005 emissions.  

ii. For Parties with NDCs that contain non-greenhouse-gas components, information on assumptions and methodological approaches used in relation to those components, as applicable;  

n/a 

iii. For climate forcers included in 

NDCs not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how the climate forcers are estimated;  

n/a 

iv. 

necessary; 

Further technical information, as 

LULUCF Categories:  

Forest land 

Cropland 

Grassland 

Wetland 

Settlement 

(Emissions   and removals        from grassland     and wetland will be accounted subject to the activities undertaken). LULUCF pools:  

Above ground 

Below ground  

Soil organic carbon (drained peatlands) 

g. The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, if applicable.  

Malaysia does not intend to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to achieve its NDC. 

6. How the Party considers that its NDC is fair and ambitious in light of its national circumstances  

a. How the Party considers that its NDC is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances; 

The oil and gas industry is an important sector of Malaysia’s economy. The NDC will be achieved through domestic measures. In view of these, Malaysia’s updated NDC is fair and ambitious. 

b. Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity;  

Malaysia regards its NDC to represent its fair share of the efforts to achieve the global long-term goal of the Paris Agreement in view of its national circumstances and capabilities.

c. How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris 

Agreement;  

Malaysia’s updated NDC is unconditional and has increased its carbon intensity (against GDP) reduction by an additional 10%. Malaysia regards this target as progressive and reflects its highest possible ambition given that the mitigation actions will be undertaken domestically. 

d. How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris 

Agreement;  

Malaysia's NDC involves economywide carbon intensity reduction target.  

e. How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement.  

n/a 

7. How the NDC contributes towards achieving the objectives of the Convention as set out in its Article 2 

a. How the NDC contributes towards achieving the objective of the 

Convention as set out in its Article 2;  

Malaysia’s updated NDC takes into consideration the long-term global goal of the Paris Agreement and Article 2 of the Convention.  

b. How the NDC contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement.  

Malaysia is formulating its Long-term Low GHG Emission Development Strategies (LT-LEDS) which will contribute towards achieving Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement.