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Title in national language:

Определяемый на национальном уровне вклад Российской Федерации в рамках реализации Парижского Соглашения от 12.12.2015 года

Draft:

Revision of previous policy?:

Yes

Effective Start Year:

2020

Scope:

National

Document Type:

Other

Economic Sector:

Energy, Power, Industry, Transport, Building, Multi-Sector, Other

Energy Types:

Power, Renewable, Other

Issued by:

The Government of the Russian Federation

Source:

File:

Overall Summary:

The First Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation is a part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement of December 12, 2015

Environment

GHG emissions reduction targets:

As part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement, the Russian Federation announces a target for limiting greenhouse gas emissions, which provides for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 to 70 percent relative to the 1990 level, taking into account the maximum possible absorptive capacity of forests and other ecosystems and subject to sustainable and balanced social economic development of the Russian Federation.

Full Document Text

NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION OF the RUSSIAN FEDERATION

as part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement of December 12, 2015

Content

Targets to limit greenhouse gas emissions
Target areas for the implementation of the global goal of adaptation to climate change
Voluntary support for developing countries to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement
Information on the implemented climate policies

Annex.

Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of Nationally Determined Contributions
Adaptation communication as a component of the Nationally Determined Contribution

1. Targets to limit greenhouse gas emissions

The Russian Federation participates in the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter - the Convention), the Kyoto Protocol of December 11, 1997 and the Paris Agreement of December 12, 2015.

This indicator demonstrates an increasing ambition compared to earlier commitments to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

Thus, in the first period of the Kyoto Protocol, the Russian Federation ensured that the established indicator for limiting greenhouse gas emissions did not exceed 100% of the 1990 level. Until 2020, the target for limiting greenhouse gas emissions was set on its own initiative by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No 752 dated September 30, 2013 "On the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions" and is no more than 75% of the 1990 level.

The preliminary Nationally Determined Contribution, announced in 2015 in support of the Lima Call for Climate Action, was to limit anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the Russian Federation to 70-75 percent of 1990 emissions by 2030, taking into account the maximum possible absorption capacity forests. This indicator is intended to demonstrate the importance of protecting and improving the quality of sinks and sinks of greenhouse gases, as mentioned in Article 5 of the Paris Agreement.

The first Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation is consistent and provides for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by up to 70 percent by 2030 relative to the 1990 level, taking into account the maximum possible absorptive capacity of forests and other ecosystems and subject to sustainable and balanced socio-economic development of the Russian Federation

This indicator is determined based on the need to ensure the economic development of the Russian Federation on a sustainable basis, as well as to protect and improve the quality of sinks and storage facilities of greenhouse gases and is aimed at achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement.

2. Target areas for the implementation of the global goal of adaptation to climate change

Since the mid-1970s, the average annual surface air temperature in the Russian Federation has been growing by an average of 0.47°C over 10 years, which is 2.5 times higher than the growth rate of the average global air temperature (0.18°C during 10 years).

Over the territory of the Russian Federation, large-scale consequences of climate change, which have a significant and increasing impact on the socio-economic development of the country, living conditions and health of people, natural ecosystems, as well as on the state of economic facilities are observed and predicted.

In this regard, a national climate change adaptation system is being formed in the Russian Federation, based on the following principles:

1) differentiated approach, taking into account:

- natural-climatic, socio-economic and technological specifics of adaptation of various sectors (spheres) of the economy and regions of the country;

- the effectiveness of adaptation measures at different levels of decisionmaking;

- varying degrees of readiness of the subjects of climate policy implementation to develop and implement adaptation measures;

2) staging and consistency of the planning process, implying the presence of stages of development and implementation of adaptation plans with their harmonization, synergy of their elements, regular adjustment and supplementing them with new elements;

3) the integrity of planning, assuming:

- preventive (proactive) adaptation aimed at reducing the risk of climate change (for example, the construction of dams against floods, forest protection belts, expansion of drought-resistant crops, etc.);

- post-crisis adaptation, providing for minimizing the consequences of the negative impact of specific manifestations of climate change, including related emergencies (evacuation of the population, liquidation of consequences, vaccination, temporary resettlement, and others);

- adaptation to direct (real and expected) and indirect consequences of climate change for the population, infrastructure and economy;

- harmonization and integration of adaptation plans (consistency and complementarity of preventive and post-crisis adaptation measures), as well as adaptation plans at the federal and regional levels;

- the planning hierarchy, including the priority of the national plan, the fulfillment of the goals and objectives of which are subject to other federal and regional adaptation plans, concretizing and detailing the national plan in the corresponding dimensions (sections);

- monitoring the effectiveness of adaptation measures and adjusting them

(if necessary);

- adequate scientific and technological support for climate change forecasting and climate services.

The National Action Plan for the first stage of adaptation to climate change, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 25, 2019 No. 3183-r, for the period up to 2022 provides for the following:

- formation of the necessary methodological and statistical base;

- determination of priority measures to adapt economic sectors and spheres of government to climate change (transport, fuel and energy complex, construction, housing and communal services, agro-industrial complex, fishing, nature management, health care, industrial complex, technical regulation, foreign and domestic trade, ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, civil defense, protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation);

- determination of priority measures for adaptation of regions to climate change;

- preparation of a national action plan for the second stage of adaptation (for the period up to 2025).

3. Voluntary support for developing countries to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement provides developing countries with continuous and enhanced international support to implement the provisions of Articles 4, 7, 9, 10 and 11. In this context, the Russian Federation, in its declaration of acceptance of the Paris Agreement, noted that, as a Party to the Convention, it is not listed in Annex II.

Nevertheless, the Russian Federation, realizing the importance of preserving the climate and ensuring sustainable development, plans to continue to assist developing countries in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, including mitigating anthropogenic impact on climate and adapting to the consequences of its change.

The Russian Federation carries out joint projects, including scientific and technical cooperation in the field of climate, environmental protection, resource and energy conservation, with various developing countries, including the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Such joint projects are most actively developed within the framework of cooperation with the CIS countries, BRICS and ASEAN.

The Russian Federation contributes to the global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the peaceful use of nuclear energy in developing countries, which helps to reduce fossil fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In the period until 2030, the implementation of technological projects will continue in 12 countries of the world, including Egypt, Jordan, Nigeria, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh, Armenia, Iran, India and China. In addition, international scientific and technical cooperation is developing on improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, resource conservation and the use of renewable energy sources in construction in developing countries.

In addition to the designated areas, the Russian Federation will continue, within the framework of relevant international agreements, to strengthen capacity in developing countries through the training of qualified specialists in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and oceanography.

Factual information on the support provided to developing countries in the context, including the objectives of the Paris Agreement, is reflected in the Biennial Reports of the Russian Federation submitted in accordance with decision 1/CP.16 to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, and in the National Communications submitted in accordance with Articles 4 and 12 of the Convention and Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol to the Convention.

4. Information on the implemented climate policies

The system of views on the goal, principles, content and ways of implementing the unified state policy of the Russian Federation on issues related to climate change and its consequences is reflected in the Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation, approved by the order of the President of the Russian Federation of December 17, 2009 No. 861-rp.

The Russian Federation is concentrating its efforts on reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and increasing their absorption, including the implementation of the following measures: increasing energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy, developing the use of non-fuel and renewable energy sources, protecting and improving the quality of natural sinks and storage of greenhouse gases, financial and tax stimulating the reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions

Measures to improve energy efficiency are provided for by the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" and a comprehensive action plan to improve the energy efficiency of the Russian economy, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 19, 2018 No. 703-r.

In accordance to the Concept for the formation of a monitoring, reporting and verification system for greenhouse gas emissions in the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 716-r dated April 22, 2015, the current assessment system will in the future be supplemented with a monitoring, reporting and checking the volumes of greenhouse gas emissions at the level of organizations, as well as the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are recommended to organize an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and removals on their territory.

In 2014-2017, a methodological base was formed, which is necessary for the implementation of the Concept (including methodological recommendations and guidelines for the development of indicators for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by economic sectors, quantifying the volume of greenhouse gas emissions by organizations carrying out economic and other activities, conducting a voluntary inventory of the volume emissions of greenhouse gases in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, calculation of the volume of indirect energy emissions of greenhouse gases and determination of the volume of absorption of greenhouse gases).

The national standardization system includes 3 standards related to the management of greenhouse gas emissions at the level of organizations (complies with ISO 14064, 2007 version). In 2021, the updating of these standards will be completed and new standards will be developed that are identical to ISO 14067:2018 (requirements and guidelines for quantifying the carbon footprint of products) and ISO 14080:2018 (structure and principles of methodology on climate impact).

Annex

I. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of Nationally Determined Contributions

(in accordance with decision 4/CMA.1 of the Conference of the Parties, serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement)

1. Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year)

a) Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s)	Reference year: 1990
b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year	Reference indicator: Total greenhouse gas emissions (including emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry) in the reference year Indicator value: 3.1 billion tons of CO₂-eq.
c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information	Not applicable
d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction	Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 by up to 70 percent compared to the 1990 level, taking into account the
	maximum possible absorptive capacity of forests and other ecosystems and subject to sustainable and balanced socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation
e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s)	The source of the initial data used to quantify the reference indicator is the official statistical information of the Russian Federation
f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators	The value of the reference indicator can be changed when the initial data are clarified, the used calculation methodologies and national coefficients are improved. A recalculation of the baseline in this case is necessary to ensure consistency of the time series and comparability of the methodologies used to estimate emissions of the base and target years. In case of recalculations, detailed information will be provided in the annual National Inventory Reports of the Russian Federation.

2. Time frames and/or periods for implementation

a) Time frame and/or period for implementation, including start and end date, consistent with any further relevant decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA)	2021 – 2030
b) Whether it is a single-year or multi-year target, as applicable.	The indicator is single-year and set for 2030

3. Scope and coverage

a) General description of the target The indicator is defined on the scale of the entire economy

b) Sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines

The target covers:

1) IPCC sectors: energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, waste, land use, land use change and forestry; 2) greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),

perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃)

3) pools of carbon: above-ground biomass, underground biomass, dead organic matter, litter, soil and harvested timber

c) How the Party has taken into consideration paragraph 31(c) and (d) of decision 1/CP.21

The Russian Federation has included all source and sink categories in its NDC

d) Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives of Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans

Not applicable

4. Planning processes

a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate

i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; ii) Contextual matters, including, inter alia, as appropriate:

a. National circumstances, such as geography, climate, economy, sustainable development and poverty

The preparation of a decision on the approval of the target to limit greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 was provided for by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 03.11.2016 No. 2344-r and was linked to the development of a national strategy for long-term development with low greenhouse gas emissions for the period until 2050. In developing its Nationally Determined Contribution, the Russian Federation, in accordance with its declaration upon the adoption of the Paris Agreement:

a) Recognizes that, in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 9

eradication;

b. Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined contribution;

of the Agreement, developed country Parties provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with regard to both mitigation and adaptation to climate change, in continuation of their existing commitments under the

Framework the United Nations Convention on Climate Change of May 9, 1992 (hereinafter - the Convention). In this context, the Russian Federation notes that, as a Party to the Convention, it is not included in Annex II to the Convention;

b) proceeds from the importance of preserving and increasing the absorbing capacity of forests and other ecosystems, as well as the need to take it into account as much as possible, including when implementing the mechanisms of the Agreement;

c) considers it unacceptable to use the Agreement and its mechanisms as a tool for creating barriers to sustainable socioeconomic development of the Parties to the Convention.

b) Specific information applicable to Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, including the Parties that agreed to act jointly and the terms of the agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16–18, of the Paris Agreement

Not applicable

c) How the Party’s preparation of its nationally determined contribution has been informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris Agreement

Information on the results of the global stocktaking carried out in accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 4 of the Paris Agreement since 2023 will be taken into account when preparing the second and subsequent nationally determined contributions of the Russian Federation

d) Each Party with a nationally determined contribution under Not applicable Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co-benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris Agreement to submit information on:

i) How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the nationally determined contribution; ii) Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to contribute to mitigation co-benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also yield mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors, such as energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry; and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture and fisheries.

5. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic

greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals

a) Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals corresponding to the Party’s nationally determined contribution, consistent with decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 31, and accounting guidance adopted by the CMA Anthropogenic emissions and removals of greenhouse gases are accounted for in accordance with methodologies and common metrics assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and approved by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. Methodological consistency is maintained between the

	communication and implementation of the nationally determined contribution, including with respect to the baseline.
b) Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for the implementation of policies and measures or strategies in the nationally determined contribution	International reporting on the implementation of policies and measures or strategies under the nationally determined contribution will take into account the impact of measures taken between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2030.
c) If applicable, information on how the Party will take into account existing methods and guidance under the Convention to account for anthropogenic emissions and removals, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 14, of the Paris Agreement, as appropriate	When accounting for anthropogenic emissions and removals of greenhouse gases, the Russian Federation promotes environmental integrity, as well as ensures transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability and consistency in accordance with the decision of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC 24/CP.19. The avoidance of double counting is ensured through periodic technical reviews of national reporting in accordance with the decision of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC 13/CP.20.
d) IPCC methodologies and metrics used for estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals	The first NDC uses the metrics of the 4th IPCC Assessment Report. The use of the metrics of the 5th IPCC Assessment Report is planned in the second and subsequent NDCs after their approbation in the preparation of the National Inventory
e) Sector-, category- or activity-specific assumptions, methodologies and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including, as applicable: i) Approach to addressing emissions and subsequent removals from natural disturbances on managed lands	When estimating emissions and removals of greenhouse gases, approaches are not used to eliminate emissions and subsequent absorption of greenhouse gases as a result of extreme natural anomalies on managed lands. To account for emissions and removals of greenhouse gases from the carbon pool of harvested

ii) Approach used to account for emissions and removals from harvested wood products

iii) Approach used to address the effects of age-class structure in forests

wood, an atmospheric flux approach is used in accordance with the IPCC methodological guidance. The impact of natural changes in the structure of age classes in forests on the offset of greenhouse gas emissions and removals is minimized, given that the historical level of 1990 is used as a baseline

f) Other assumptions and methodological approaches used for understanding the nationally determined contribution and, if applicable, estimating corresponding emissions and removals, including:

i) How the reference indicators, baseline(s) and/or reference level(s), including, where applicable, sector-, category- or activity-specific reference levels, are constructed, including, for example, key parameters, assumptions, definitions, methodologies, data sources and models used ii) For Parties with nationally determined contributions that contain nongreenhouse-gas components, information on assumptions and methodological approaches used in relation to those components, as applicable iii) For climate forcers included in nationally determined contributions not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how the climate forcers are estimated iv) Further technical information, as necessary

Not applicable

g) The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, if applicable.

The Russian Federation recognizes the importance of voluntary cooperation in nationally determined contributions to potentially increase the ambition of mitigation and adaptation actions. The possibility of using voluntary cooperation in the implementation of the nationally determined contribution will be considered by the Russian Federation following the adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the

Parties to the Paris Agreement of the rules, conditions and procedures for the mechanisms referred to in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

6. How the Party considers that its nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national

circumstances

a) How the Party considers that its nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances

During the first period of the Kyoto Protocol, the Russian Federation ensured that the established indicator to limit greenhouse gas emissions did not exceed 100% of the 1990 level. Until 2020, the target indicator to reduce greenhouse gas emissions was set in a proactive manner by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 752 dated September

30, 2013 “On the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions” and is no more than 75% of the 1990 level.

The Intendent Nationally Determined Contribution, tentatively announced in 2015 in support of the Lima Call for Climate Action, was to limit anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the Russian Federation to 70-75 percent of 1990 emissions by 2030, accounting for the maximum possible absorption capacity forests. This indicator is intended to demonstrate the importance of protecting and improving the quality of removals and sinks of greenhouse gases, as mentioned in Article 5 of the Paris Agreement.

The first nationally determined contribution of the Russian Federation is consistent and calls to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to 70 percent compared to the 1990 level, taking into account the maximum possible absorptive capacity of forests and other

	ecosystems and subject to sustainable and balanced socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation. This indicator was determined based on the need to ensure the economic development of the Russian Federation on a sustainable basis, as well as to protect and improve the quality of sinks and storage facilities for greenhouse gases.
c) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement	See 6а
d) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement	Not applicable
e) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement	Not applicable

7. How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2

a) How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2

The nationally determined contribution of the Russian

Federation contributes to the achievement of the goal of the Convention, since it is a fair and real contribution to the stabilization of the global concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (taking into account the efforts already made to limit greenhouse gas emissions) and does not pose a threat to the economic development of the Russian Federation on a sustainable basis

b) How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement

The nationally determined contribution of the Russian Federation contributes to the achievement of the global temperature target, since by 2030 the cumulative reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the Russian Federation since 1990 is to exceed 55 billion tonnes of CO₂-eq.

II. Adaptation communication, as a component of the Nationally Determined Contribution

(in accordance with decision 9/CMA.1 of the Conference of the Parties, serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement)

а) National circumstances, The Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation, approved by the order of the President of institutional arrangements and the Russian Federation dated 17.12.2009 No. 861-rp, defines the strategic goal of the national legal frameworks climate policy to ensure the safe and sustainable development of the Russian Federation, including institutional, economic, environmental and social, including demographic, aspects development in a changing climate and the emergence of related threats.

The main principles of climate policy are:

the global nature of the interests of the Russian Federation in relation to climate change

and their consequences; priority of national interests in the development and implementation of climate policy; clarity and transparency of climate policy;

recognition of the need for action both within the country and within the framework of a full-fledged international partnership of the Russian Federation in international research programs and projects related to climate change; comprehensive accounting of possible losses and benefits associated with climate change; precaution in planning and implementing measures to ensure the protection of people, the

economy and the state from the adverse effects of climate change.

The National Climate Policy considers among the priorities:

- timely identification and assessment of threats to sustainable development and security of the Russian Federation related to climate change,

- proactive adaptation to the consequences of climate change.

Measures to adapt to climate change are provided for by decisions of state authorities, taking into account the international agreements of the Russian Federation.

Planning, organization and implementation of measures to adapt to climate change are carried out within the framework of the state policy in the field of climate, taking into account the sectoral, regional and local characteristics, as well as the long-term nature of these measures, their scale and depth of impact on various aspects of the life of society, the economy and the state.

b) Impacts, risks and vulnerabilities, as appropriate

The current climate change in Russia as a whole is characterized as ongoing warming at a rate more than two and a half times the average rate of global warming. According to estimates obtained using modern climate models, throughout the 21st century. Russia will remain a region of the world where climate warming is significantly higher than average global warming.

The observed and expected future climate changes on the territory of Russia cause numerous and, often, important - negative and positive - consequences for natural and economic systems, as well as for the country's population.

The negative consequences of the expected climate change for the Russian Federation include: an increase in health risk (an increase in the level of morbidity and mortality) of certain social groups of the population; an increase in the frequency, intensity and duration of droughts in some regions, extreme precipitation, floods, waterlogging dangerous for agriculture - in others; increased fire hazard in forests; degradation of permafrost in the northern regions with damage to buildings and communications; violation of ecological balance, including the displacement of some biological species by others; the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases; an increase in electricity consumption for air conditioning in the summer season for a significant part of settlements.

Possible positive for the Russian Federation consequences of expected climate changes, which are associated with a significant potential for effective sectoral and regional economic development, include: reduction of energy consumption during the heating season; improving the ice conditions and, accordingly, the conditions for transporting goods in the Arctic seas, facilitating access to the Arctic shelves and their development; improvement of the structure

and expansion of the crop growing zone, as well as increasing the efficiency of animal husbandry (subject to a number of additional conditions and the adoption of certain measures) increasing the productivity of boreal forests.

c) National adaptation priorities, strategies, policies, plans, goals

and actions

A national system of adaptation to climate change is being formed in the Russian

Federation. By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 25, 2019 No. 3183-r, the National Action Plan for the first stage of adaptation to climate change for the period up to 2022 was approved. The National Plan provides for:

- formation of the necessary methodological and statistical base;

- determination of priority measures to adapt economic sectors and spheres of government to climate change (transport, fuel and energy complex, construction, housing and communal services, agro-industrial complex, fishing, nature management, healthcare, industrial complex, technical regulation, foreign and domestic trade, ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, civil defense, protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation);

- determination of priority measures to adapt regions to climate change;

- preparation of a national action plan for the second stage of adaptation (for the period until 2025)

d) Implementation and support needs of, and provision of support

to, developing country Parties

The Paris Agreement provides developing countries with continued and enhanced international support for the implementation of its provisions. In this context, the Russian Federation, in its statement on the adoption of the Paris Agreement, noted that, being a Party to the UNFCCC, it is not included in Annex II to it.

Nevertheless, the Russian Federation, realizing the importance of preserving the climate and ensuring sustainable development, plans to continue to assist developing countries in ensuring the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement, including adaptation to the consequences of its change.

of climate change. Such joint projects are most actively developed within the framework of cooperation with the CIS countries, BRICS and ASEAN.

The Russian Federation intends to continue its voluntary participation in the provision of international assistance to eliminate the consequences of natural disasters, including natural and climatic ones, as well as in financing the activities of the Trust Fund “Russian Federation - United Nations Development Program” (within the framework of the thematic area “Climate window ”), the Green Climate Fund and other institutions for sustainable development. In addition to the designated areas, the Russian Federation will continue, within the framework of relevant international agreements, to strengthen capacity in developing countries through the training of qualified specialists in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and oceanography.