Meta Data
Проект документа: 
No
Пересмотр более раннего документа?: 
No
Год составления проекта документа: 
2010
Год вступления в силу: 
2010
Год окончания действия: 
2020
Виды актов по количеству участников: 
National
Тип документа: 
Plan/Strategy
Экономический сектор: 
Energy, Power, Transport, Multi-Sector, Other
Виды энергоресурсов: 
All, Power, Renewable, Other
Подготовлен: 
His Majesty's Government of the Kingdom of Tonga
Ссылка на документ: 
Сводный обзор: 
The Tonga Energy Road Map 2010 - 2020 has the objective to lay out a least cost approach and implementation plan to reduce Tonga’s vulnerability to oil price shocks and achieve an increase in quality access to modern energy services in a financially and environmentally sustainable manner. The document provides for an Implementation Plan. The Indicative Implementation Plan is divided into three phases. Phase 0 defines the most urgent steps that should be undertaken without delay including policy, institutional, legal, regulatory, capacity strengthening and data gathering actions as well as environmental and social strategic assessments and investments in improved efficiency of electricity supply, improved network safety and end-use efficiency. Phase 1 includes works designed to implement the first set of Proof-of-concept renewable energy projects, including on-grid Solar PV supply and substitution of a portion of the fuel used in existing diesel engines with coconut oil. Phase 2 will involve further efficiency and renewable energy investments and will be initiated when all policy, legal, regulatory and institutional adjustments have taken place and when data and experience from the phase 0 and phase 1 activities have been evaluated. As technologies, costs, demand for electricity and sources of financing change over time, it is envisioned that the TERM will be periodically updated to take these factors into account. Targets include the achievement of a 50% reduction in petroleum use relative to a business-asusual scenario, as well as an improvement in energy efficiency by 18% in power generation, power distribution, business of selling, managing, operating and maintaining power assets, and the end use of power.
Доступ
Energy access priorities: 
The overall objective of the Tonga Off-Grid Initiative is to provide Off-Grid communities with access to electricity options from renewable sources that are sustainable and also provide for their varied power needs.---Accessible, affordable and sustainable electricity that is environmentally responsible and commercially viable is a high priority.---The objective of the Tonga Energy Road Map is to lay out a least cost approach and implementation plan to reduce Tonga’s vulnerability to oil price shocks and achieve an increase in quality access to modern energy services in a financially and environmentally sustainable manner.
Energy access action plan: 
A JICA funded project is currently underway that aims at providing 501 SHS-Basic systems to Vava’u and two islands off Tongatapu which would leave only Lofanga and Niuatoputapu remaining as islands yet to receive an electrification project.---Phase 0: Tonga Green Incentive Fund launched/---The Tonga Off-Grid Inititiative is designed assuming that that the JICA project has been implemented. The overall objective of the Tonga Off-Grid Initiative is to provide Off-Grid communities with access to electricity options from renewable sources that are sustainable and also provide for their varied power needs.---Phase 0: Off-grid programme launched;
Energy access targets: 
Government's primary target of "poverty alleviation" including100% accessibility to electricity.
Efficiency
Приоритеты ЭЭ: 
[E]nergy efficiency has been identified as the least cost option for reducing diesel fuel usage in Tonga’s electricity system and is an area where urgent and immediate action is needed.
EE targets: 
Both supply-side and demand-side energy loss reduction and efficiency improvements are the least cost options to reduce electric energy generation. The actions are modular and each can be evaluated to demonstrate economic viability and avoid ineffective investments. Total impact will reduce energy generation by at least 18%.---The Least Cost Implementation Action Plan - The implementation plan is based on a least-cost development with the target to reduce the use of imported oil in diesel-electric generation by 50% as quickly as possible.---Efficiency of conversion of electricity into consumer electricity services (Demand Side] Management measures);
EE action plans: 
Supply side efficiency options include: reducing energy used in power stations (station service), improving overall station efficiency by removing operating limitations, improving the maintenance schedule timing to maximize fuel efficiency,[...].---Demand side management measures include: • Upgrading of streetlights to use either LED or incorporate dimming (voltage reduction) technology • Reducing the demand in large Government buildings through modifications to the cooling and ventilation systems, changing lighting and upgrading other equipment, and • Reducing lighting demand in the residential, commercial and religious sectors by replacing incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lights (CFLs).---{hase0: Initial end use efficiency / DSM programme launched and development of data and analysis to design and implement more extensive end use efficiency programme underway.---Phase 1: Implementation of second-generation end-use efficiency / DSM measures;
Renewable Energy
RE priorities: 
[R]educing the vulnerability of the country to future oil price shocks is a key objective, and that Government has identified a move to renewable energy as a major element of a strategy to provide enhanced energy security for the Kingdom and greater tariff stability.
RE targets: 
50% of electricity generation through renewable resources by 2012
RE action plans: 
Replacing a portion of current or future grid-based generation with renewable energy.---The overall objective of the Tonga Off-Grid Initiative is to provide Off-Grid communities with access to electricity options from renewable sources that are sustainable and also provide for their varied power needs. It is the potential for the enhancement of the quality of life and potential to increase economic activity of the outer islands communities that the Tonga Off-Grid Initiative aims to ultimately cultivate.---Specific policies need to be in place regarding the treatment of investment in renewable energy systems that are paid for by grant.[...] There are currently no viable options for the provision of private sector incentives for renewable energy investment or for the long term finance of consumer owned renewable energy installations. To help reduce these problems, a dedicated fund – the Tonga Green Incentive Fund (TGIF) - could be included in the energy policy.---Phase 1: • Implementation of up to 1 MW on-grid solar PV on Tongatapu and at least one other island grid, including components covering centralized, decentralized and battery storage. Operation, maintenance and training contract in place. Implementation of a Proof of Concept Coconut Oil (660,000l/yr) Project. Operation, maintenance and training contract in place.---Phase 2: A full-scale development of renewable energy projects on an IPP basis [...].
RE capital subsidy, grant, or rebate: 
[A] mechanism will be developed – the Tonga Green Incentive Fund - to facilitate the contribution of public sector (including grant) funding to “buy down” the cost of the best proposal to any given renewable energy IPP tender,to a level where the cost is attractive compared to a Business As Usual (all diesel) approach[...].---Primary legal revision areas: [...] Establishment of a Mechanism to use Subsidy in support of private sector provision of electricity from renewable sources.
Public investment loans or grants: 
The overall objective of the Tonga Off-Grid Initiative is to provide Off-Grid communities with access to electricity options from renewable sources that are sustainable and also provide for their varied power needs. It is the potential for the enhancement of the quality of life and potential to increase economic activity of the outer islands communities that the Tonga Off-Grid Initiative aims to ultimately cultivate.
Cooperation in RE: 
A JICA funded project is currently underway that aims at providing 501 SHS-Basic systems to Vava’u and two islands off Tongatapu which would leave only Lofanga and Niuatoputapu remaining as islands yet to receive an electrification project.
Environment
Energy environmental priorities: 
Accessible, affordable and sustainable electricity that is environmentally responsible and commercially viable is a high priority.---New energy investments under the TERM would be subject to Environmental and Social Impact Assessments and Mitigation Plans as necessary, as per international practice. [...] Investments that have major negative environmental or social impacts or constraints that cannot be mitigated or solvedwill be avoided.---Phase0 : analysis of environmental change impact on Tonga to identify any risks to long term safety and security of energy infrastructure;
Ценообразование
Renewable energy subsidies: 
Primary legal revision areas: [...] Establishment of a Mechanism to use Subsidy in support of private sector provision of electricity from renewable sources.
Energy pricing: 
The current process used to set monthly fuel prices is as follows: • Every month, the fuel importers TOTAL and BP submit separate pricing templates for Tonga to an independent petroleum consultant. These pricing templates reflect the costs paid for imports into Tonga. The submissions contain reference prices and costs in the previous month, including: fuel purchase costs in Singapore; shipping, storage and handling fees; and regulated mark-ups. • The consultant reviews the pricing templates submitted by the oil companies against Singapore spot prices, published shipping rates, storage fees and regulated markups. • The independent petroleum consultant prepares a report to Tonga’s Competent Authority, containing suggested fuel prices that will apply in the following month. These prices are derived from volume weighting the results of the BP and TOTAL submissions. • The Competent Authority considers the consultant’s report and makes a decision on what prices are to be set for the following month.---In summary, the pricing philosophy seeks to build petroleum prices for Tonga that reflect the actual costs of buying fuels on the international market and the various costs of delivering that fuel to Tonga and then distributing it across the country[...].The pricing methodology is subject to annual, triennial and ad-hoc reviews.
Energy Supply and Infrastructure
Energy supply priorities: 
Improvements in Petroleum Supply chain to reduce the price and price fluctuation of imported petroleum products;---Efficiency of conversion of petroleum to electricity (i.e. increases in efficiency and reduced losses at TPL);---Replacing a portion of current or future grid-based generation with renewable energy.---Improved efficiency in supply and demand would play a major role, together with renewable energy options.---Tonga Off-grid Initiative: [...] Based on the lessons learned, it is important to consider the wide variation of energy demand and development opportunities as well as the economic abilities throughout the islands and to match the supply concepts to match energy demands.[...].---Least Cost Approach to Meet the Objective of reducing Tonga’s vulnerability to oil price increases and shocks. [...] improvements in the petroleum supply chain efficiency; supply and demand side efficiency improvements; and options for non-diesel power generation for both grid and off-grid electricity supply.---Improved Efficiency in Petroleum Supply Chain Options [...]• Oil Sourcing Location. Exploring efficiencies in sourcing refined product from the current locations, Singapore (fuels other than LPG) and Australia (LPG), or from other refineries. • Transport to Tonga. i) Bypassing Fiji by having a Medium Range Tanker (MRT) steam to Tonga directly from Singapore ii) Merged supplier shipping • Storage & Safety Stock. Establish a strategic reserve Off shore or In Tonga • Local Distribution.
Энергетическая смесь: 
[T]he Indicative Implementation Plan for the TERM aims to achieve a 50% reduction in petroleum use relative to a business-as-usual scenario.
Infrastructure development priorities: 
Phase 1: • Implementation of up to 1 MW on-grid solar PV on Tongatapu and at least one other island grid, including components covering centralized, decentralized and battery storage. Operation, maintenance and training contract in place.
Investment
Energy sector investment priorities: 
Investment options must be evaluated considering the cost implications over the investment lifetime, to avoid substituting short term price relief for continuing high prices in the medium to long term.[...].New energy investments under the TERM would be subject to Environmental and Social Impact Assessments and Mitigation Plans as necessary, as per international practice. Special consideration will be given to those groups with specific needs including youth, women, religious groups and those with special needs.Investments that have major negative environmental or social impacts or constraints that cannot be mitigated or solvedwill be avoided.
Financial incentives for energy infrastructure: 
There are currently no viable options for the provision of private sector incentives for renewable energy investment or for the long term finance of consumer owned renewable energy installations. To help reduce these problems, a dedicated fund – the Tonga Green Incentive Fund (TGIF) - could be included in the energy policy.
Independent power producers: 
Generation projects, for which data are sufficient to fully define and objectively evaluate bids, should be private sector-led with selection following a competitive and transparent approach.---[A] mechanism will be developed – the Tonga Green Incentive Fund - to facilitate the contribution of public sector (including grant) funding to “buy down” the cost of the best proposal to any given renewable energy IPP tender,to a level where the cost is attractive compared to a Business As Usual (all diesel) approach.---Policies need to be developed, emphasizing competition and transparency, for the process for procuring electricity through a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) from an Independent Power Provider (IPP). [...].---Phase1: Implementation of Landfill Gas IPP (if resource proved in Phase 0).---Phase 2: A full-scale development of renewable energy projects on an IPP basis [...].
Investment climate development: 
For new proof-of-concept generation projects, the construction and operation and maintenance will be contracted out to the private sector with explicit provision for training of TPL staff and other Tongan technicians in the private sector. Generation projects, for which data are sufficient to fully define and objectively evaluate bids, should be private sector-led with selection following a competitive and transparent approach.---[A] mechanism will be developed – the Tonga Green Incentive Fund - to facilitate the contribution of public sector (including grant) funding to “buy down” the cost of the best proposal to any given renewable energy IPP tender,to a level where the cost is attractive compared to a Business As Usual (all diesel) approach.---There are currently no viable options for the provision of private sector incentives for renewable energy investment or for the long term finance of consumer owned renewable energy installations. To help reduce these problems, a dedicated fund – the Tonga Green Incentive Fund (TGIF) - could be included in the energy policy.---Primary legal revision areas: Explicit recognition of private sector participation in electricity supply to the grid.[...] Establishment of a Mechanism to use Subsidy in support of private sector provision of electricity from renewable sources.
Bidding and Tendering: 
Generation projects, for which data are sufficient to fully define and objectively evaluate bids, should be private sector-led with selection following a competitive and transparent approach[...] [A] mechanism will be developed – the Tonga Green Incentive Fund - to facilitate the contribution of public sector (including grant) funding to “buy down” the cost of the best proposal to any given renewable energy IPP tender,to a level where the cost is attractive compared to a Business As Usual (all diesel) approach
Деятельность органов власти
Energy management principles: 
The key principles of the TERM are: Least Cost Approach to Meet the Objective of reducing Tonga’s vulnerability to oil price increases and shocks; Managing Risk; Financial Sustainability; Social and Environmental Sustainability; Clear, appropriate and effective definition of roles for Government, TPL, and the Private Sector.
Energy institutional structures: 
Current Institutional Arrangements.For on-grid electricity services, Tonga Power Limited (TPL) has the concession and operates four independent grids in Tonga: the largest on Tongatapu, and three smaller grids on the main islands of the Vava’u, Ha’apai and Eua island groups. TPL is a public enterprise wholly owned by the Government of Tonga. Operation of TPL is regulated under a Concession Agreement between the GoT and TPL. The MoF is TPL’s contractual partner in the Concession Agreement. In 2008, the Electricity Commission was established as the regulatory agency for grid-based electricity supply. For off grid services,the Energy Planning Unit (EPU) of the Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources is the primary institutional unit. It also acts under policy and planning provided by the MoF and the Prime Minister’s office. Additionally, Ha’apai, Vava’u and the Niuas group each have individual off-grid project management structures that provide for day to day operations. Responsibility for Electricity Sector Policy and Planning.Overall responsibility for on-grid electricity sector policy and planning is shared between the Prime Minister’s Office and the Ministry of Finance and National Planning. The MoF’s Policy and Planning Division assists other Government entities to formulate outcomes and outputs at operational levels and monitors progress on strategic policy objectives. The MoF is also TPL’s contractual partner in the Concession Agreement that governs TPL’s operation.
M&E of policy implementation: 
A permanent institutional arrangement will be established to manage, coordinate, monitor and report on the TERM implementation.Coordination of the various components of the TERM [...].
Statistics collection and management: 
To meet the objectives of the TERM, significant effort will be targeted to improving the generation, collection and availability of energy sector data.---r Phase 0 :Data gathering activities and data collection and monitoring system in place;