12th Five-Year Plan for the Solar Photovoltaic Industry

Note: The government of the People’s Republic of China has not released an official translation. This translation was commissioned by Wiley Rein LLP, a law firm in Washington, D.C., from an independent outside source.

Table of Contents

 Introduction ...................................................................................................................1

I.          Review of the 11th Five-Year Plan Period ................................................................... 1

(a) Overview of China’s PV industry .................................................................. 1

(i)         The Scale of the Industry Increased Rapidly and Ranked

Near the Top in Global Market Share ............................................... 1 

(ii)        Leading Chinese Enterprises Mastered Production

Technology for Key Materials and the Industrial Base

Gradually Solidified .......................................................................... 1

(iii)       With Mainstream Product Technology in Sync With the

World, Product Quality Increased Steadily ....................................... 2

(iv)       Along with Significant Achievements in Energy

Conservation and Emission Reduction, the Resource

Utilization Rate Improved Dramatically ........................................... 2

(v)        Through Continuous Breakthroughs, Localization of

Production Equipment Continued to Increase ................................... 2 

(vi)       The Domestic PV Market Is Still in the Startup Phase, with

Installed Capacity Increasing Rapidly............................................... 3

(b)   Development Characteristics of China’s PV industry.................................... 3

(i)         Fully Utilizing Domestic and Overseas Market Factors, the

Industry is Highly Internationalized.................................................. 3

(ii)        Through Independent Innovation and Introduction of Foreign

Technology, Domestic Enterprises Have Built an Industry

System with Chinese Characteristics ................................................ 3 

(iii)       Coordinated Development of Upstream and Downstream

Enterprises Helped Decrease Costs ................................................... 4 

(iv)       Industry Clusters Have Developed Which Have Enhanced

Regional Competitiveness ................................................................. 4

II.         Situation During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period...................................................... 4

(a)  China’s PV Industry Has Vast Room for Development................................. 4

(b)        Interaction Between the PV Industry, Policy and the Market Needs to

be Strengthened .............................................................................................. 5

(c)        The Industry Faces Serious Challenges of International Economic

Turmoil and Trade Protection ........................................................................ 5

(d)        New Techniques and New Technologies are Evolving Rapidly and

International Competition is Intensifying....................................................... 5

the Main Issue Facing the Industry ................................................................ 6

 III.       Guiding Ideologies, Basic Principles and Development Goals ................................... 6

(a)  Guiding Ideologies ......................................................................................... 6

(b)      Basic principles .............................................................................................. 6

(i)   Work Out Overall Planning and Support Leading Enterprises ......... 6

(ii)        Support Technological Innovation to Reduce the Cost of Power Generation .............. 6

(iii)       Optimize the Industrial Environment and Expand the PV Market ............................. 7

(iv)       Strengthen the Service System to Promote the Industry’s Healthy Development......... 7

(c)  Development Goals ........................................................................................ 7

(i) Economic objectives ......................................................................... 7

(ii)        Technology Goals ............................................................................. 8

(iii)       Innovation Goals ............................................................................... 8

(iv)       Targets for the Cost of PV Power Generation................................... 8

IV.       Main Tasks For the 12th Five-Year Plan Period .......................................................... 8

(a)        Promote Technological Progress and Achieve Transformation and Upgrading................ 8

(b)        Enhance R&D and the Application of Domestically Manufactured

Equipment and Integration Technology ......................................................... 9

(c)        Improve the Performance of Solar Cells and Continue to Reduce

Product Costs.................................................................................................. 9

(d)        Promote PV Application and Expand the PV Power Generation Market ........................ 9

(e) Improve the Supporting Service System for the PV Industry ........................ 9

V.        Key Focus Areas For the 12th Five-Year Plan Period ............................................... 10

(a)        High-Purity Polysilicon ................................................................................ 10

(b)        Silicon Ingots/Silicon Wafers....................................................................... 10

(c)        Crystalline Silicon Cells ............................................................................... 10

(d)        Thin-Film Cells ............................................................................................ 10

(e)        High-Concentration Solar Cells ................................................................... 11

(f)         BIPV Modules.............................................................................................. 11

(g)        Specialized PV Production Equipment ........................................................ 11

(h)        Ancillary Materials....................................................................................... 11

(i)         Grid and Energy Storage System ................................................................. 12

(j)         Establishment of Public Service Platforms .................................................. 12

VI.       Policy Measures .............................................................................................. 12

(a)        Enhance the Status of PV Energy and Strengthen Strategic Industrial

Deployment .................................................................................................. 12 

(b)        Strengthen Industry Administration and Standardize the

Development of the PV Industry.................................................................. 12

(c)        Focus on Overall Planning and Promote Reasonable Industrial

Layout........................................................................................................... 13

(d)        Actively Foster a Diversified Market and Promote the Industry’s

Healthy Development................................................................................... 13

(e)        Support Enterprises’ Independent Innovation and Strengthen the

Industry’s Core Competitiveness ................................................................. 13

(f)         Improve the Standards System and Promote the Establishment of

Inspection Certification and Monitoring Systems ........................................ 13

(g)        Strengthen Industry Organization and Actively Participate in

International Competition............................................................................. 14

Introduction

Solar energy resources are abundant, widely available, and are a kind of renewable energy that has the greatest development potential. As global energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, solar photovoltaic (“PV”) power generation has received worldwide attention and has become a key emerging industry because it is clean, safe, convenient, and highly efficient.

In this context, the global PV industry has grown rapidly in recent years; the industry continued to expand and the product costs continued to decline. In 2009, worldwide solar cell production reached 10.66 GW and polycrystalline silicon production reached 110,000 metric tons. In 2010, production reached 20.5 GW, or 160,000 metric tons, respectively. The prices of components dropped from $4.5/Watt in 2000 to $1.7/Watt in 2010.

During the period of the 11th five-year plan, China’s solar PV industry developed rapidly and became one of our country’s few industries that could compete globally and could be expected to reach an advanced level internationally. The expedited development of China’s solar PV industry is of great importance  in  achieving  industrial  transformation  and  upgrading,  adjusting  energy  structure, facilitating social and economic development, and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. The “Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Fostering and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries” has already included the solar PV industry as an important emerging strategic industry that our country will develop in the future.

According to the requirements of the “Industrial Transformation and Upgrading Plan for 2011-2015,” the “12th Five-Year Plan for Information Industry,” and the “12th Five-Year Plan for Electronic Information Manufacturing Industry,” on the bases of comprehensive research, in-depth study, and extensive discussion, we hereby compile the “12th Five-Year Plan for the Solar PV Industry” to be the guiding document for our country’s PV industry development during the 12th five-year period.

I.          Review of the 11th Five-Year Plan Period

(a)        Overview of China’s PV industry

(i)         The Scale of the Industry Increased Rapidly and Ranked Near the Top in Global Market Share

During the 11th five-year plan period, our country’s solar cell production grew rapidly, with the annual growth rate exceeding 100%. For four consecutive years, between 2007 and 2010, production of solar cells ranked No.1 in the world. In 2010, production of solar cells was around 10GW, accounting for 50% of total global production. More than 90% of our solar cell products were exported. The export value amount in 2010 reached $20.2 billion.

(ii)        Leading Chinese Enterprises Mastered Production Technology for Key Materials and the Industrial Base Gradually Solidified

During the 11th  five-year plan period, our country’s annual production of polycrystalline silicon grew from 200-300 metric tons to 45,000 metric tons;

the PV industry’s raw materials self-sufficiency rate increased from almost 0% to 50%, with production output value reaching tens of billions of yuan. Leading Chinese polycrystalline silicon enterprises have mastered key technology required by thousand-ton production capacity through a modified Siemens process. The stability of large-scale production has gradually improved. 

(iii)       With Mainstream Product Technology in Sync With the World, Product Quality Increased Steadily

At the end of the 11th  five-year plan period, China’s crystalline silicon cells accounted for more than 95% of total solar cell production. The quality of solar  cell  products  has  improved  year  by  year.  In  particular,  leading enterprises have made rapid progress in the aspect of conversion efficiency. Now, the conversion rate for monocrystalline silicon solar cells has reached 17%-19%; that of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is 15%-17%; and the conversion rate of thin-film and other new types of cells is 6%-8%.

(iv)       Along  with  Significant  Achievements  in  Energy  Conservation and Emission Reduction, the Resource Utilization Rate Improved Dramatically

Energy conservation and emission reduction in the PV industry achieved remarkable results. Comprehensive utilization of by-products steadily increased, and the overall resource utilization rate improved significantly. In

2006, the average consumption of materials required to produce 1 kg of polycrystalline silicon was: 1.8-2.0 kg of industrial silicon, 1.8 kg of liquid chlorine, and 300-250 kWh of total electricity consumption. In 2010, the figures fell to: 1.3-1.4 kg of industrial silicon, 1 kg of liquid chlorine, and

160-180 kWh of total electricity consumption (some leading enterprises’ total electricity consumption dropped to 130-150 kwH). Usage of polycrystalline silicon to produce crystalline solar cells fell from 11 gram/watt in 2006 to 7-8 gram/watt in 2010.

(v)        Through Continuous Breakthroughs, Localization of Production Equipment Continued to Increase

Domestically manufactured equipment like monocrystal furnaces, polycrystalline silicon ingot casting furnaces, and ingot squaring machines gradually realized industrialization, accounting for a larger domestic market share. Except for automatic printing machines and cutting equipment, the industry was basically able to manufacture special equipment for crystalline silicon solar cells domestically, and home-grown enterprises are now capable of running “turnkey” production lines.1   For the production of silicon-based thin-film cells, Chinese enterprises have preliminarily built complete-line production capacity for small-scale products. In 2010, sales revenue from specialized manufacturing equipment for the PV industry exceeded RMB 4 billion, and the export delivery value reached RMB 100  million.

 (vi)       The  Domestic  PV  Market  Is  Still  in  the  Startup  Phase,  with Installed Capacity Increasing Rapidly

China has successively introduced policies such as the “Interim Measures for the   Administration   of   Financial   Subsidies   for   Application   of   Solar Building-Integrated  Photovoltaics”  and  the  “Notice  on  Implementing  the ‘Golden Sun’ Demonstration Project.” China also launched two batches of concession  bidding  projects  for  PV  power  stations,  involving  a  total  of 290MW.  As  of  2010,  China’s  cumulative  PV  installed  capacity  reached

800MW. New installed capacity reached 500MW in 2010, a 166% increase from the previous year.

(b)       Development Characteristics of China’s PV industry

(i)         Fully  Utilizing  Domestic  and  Overseas  Market  Factors,  the Industry is Highly Internationalized

China’s PV industry fully utilizes domestic and foreign capital and human resources. By the end of the 11th five-year plan period, dozens of enterprises were listed at home or abroad, and their products are now sold globally. Domestic PV enterprises are mainly privately-owned. Leading enterprises’ capabilities grew stronger. Four Chinese enterprises rank among the world’s top ten by output of solar cells.

(ii)        Through Independent Innovation and Introduction of Foreign Technology, Domestic Enterprises Have Built an Industry System with Chinese Characteristics

Through a combination of independent innovation and the introduction of foreign  technology,  domestic  enterprises  have  built  a  PV  industry  with Chinese characteristics. The level of manufacturing of polysilicon, battery modules, and controllers continues to improve. The localization rate of manufacturing equipment now exceeds 50%. In terms of the quality and technology level of solar cells, China is gradually gaining a leading position in the world.

1   “Turnkey” ability refers to the ability to undertake turnkey projects.

(iii)       Coordinated   Development   of   Upstream   and   Downstream Enterprises Helped Decrease Costs

During the 11th five-year plan period, China’s PV industry broke development bottlenecks in materials, markets, and human resource development. The size of the industry grew rapidly, and a complete upstream and downstream industrial chain was emerging. The rise of China’s PV industry led the development of the global PV industry, effectively promoting technological progress, reduced costs of PV products, and accelerated industry application of PV around the world.

(iv)       Industry   Clusters   Have   Developed   Which   Have   Enhanced Regional Competitiveness

The trend of cluster development has emerged in China’s PV industry. By leveraging regional resource advantages and industrial bases, Jiangsu, Hebei, Zhejiang,  Jiangxi,  Henan,  Sichuan,  and  Inner  Mongolia  have  become regional industrial centers. A number of renowned representative enterprises also emerged. After completing their vertical integration, leading enterprises have accelerated overseas mergers and acquisitions, set up factories, and developed into internationalized enterprises.

II.        Situation During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period

At  present,  developed  countries  provide  strong  support  for  the  development  of  the  PV industry. These countries promote market application and industrial development by enacting feed-in tariff laws or implementing the “Solar Roof” program. International investors are optimistic about the PV industry: on the one hand, many large enterprises in the PV industry announced new investment plans and continued to expand production; on the other hand, enterprises from other fields, such as semi-conductor and display devices, which bring a variety of market capital, are entering, or are about to enter, the PV industry.

From the perspective of the strategic path of China’s social and economic development, promoting  the  solar  PV  industry  is  essential  to  guarantee  energy  supply,  establish  a low-carbon society, promote economic restructuring, and foster strategic emerging industries. During the 12th five-year plan period, China’s PV industry will continue to maintain rapid development, facing great opportunities and formidable challenges.

(a)        China’s PV Industry Has Vast Room for Development

The world faces an increasing shortage in the supply of conventional energy. The massive exploitation and utilization of fossil fuels has become one of the major causes of environmental pollution and degradation of the human living environment. The search for new energy sources has become a global issue. Among various new energy sources, solar PV power generation receives a great deal of attention from all countries because it is pollution-free, sustainable, and widely available. It can also generate a large amount of power, and has diversified application forms. China’s PV industry has a solid foundation in the areas of industrial systems, technology R&D, and  manufacturing.  The  outlook  for  China’s  PV  industry  is  promising  in  both domestic and foreign markets. By seizing development opportunities, accelerating transformation, and upgrading, Chinese enterprises will gain even wider room for development in the future.

(b)        Interaction Between the PV Industry, Policy and the Market Needs to be Strengthened

From  a  global  perspective,  it  will  take  some  time  before  PV  power  generation becomes competitive in the market price-wise. In the near future, growth in demand for solar cells will be fueled mainly by policy support and price subsidies provided to the PV industry by governments in all countries. The continued growth of the market will also facilitate expansion of the industry size and reduction in product costs. This will further promote the healthy development of the PV industry. At present, China is adopting policy systems to promote PV applications and the long-term interactive mechanism facilitating the sustainable development of PV power generation. Most solar cell products are exported to overseas markets, and as a result, the development of the industry is largely impacted by the financial crisis and changes in overseas markets. Excessive dependence on external markets is not conducive to healthy and sustained development.

(c)        The  Industry  Faces  Serious  Challenges  of  International  Economic Turmoil and Trade Protection

In  recent  years,  there  has  been  global  economic  turmoil.  Some  countries  have adjusted their new energy policies and decreased subsidies, which has had a large impact on the development of China’s PV industry. Meanwhile, our country’s PV industry has been involved in several trade disputes with European countries and the United States. Similar disputes will continue to occur in the future. The main reasons are: 1) China’s solar cells have clear cost advantages, putting pressure on foreign products; 2) the domestic PV market has not yet developed; most products are exported, which may raise concerns about dumping; 3) China’s standards system is imperfect, and there are problems of uneven product quality.

(d)        New  Techniques  and  New  Technologies  are  Evolving  Rapidly  and International Competition is Intensifying 

The global PV industry is experiencing rapid technological development: on average, the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon cells grows by 1% annually; thin-film cell technology continues to improve; emerging technologies like nano material cells advance quickly; and production and testing equipment for solar cells is constantly upgraded. The domestic PV industry still lags behind in many areas as pressure from international competition intensifies: China still lags behind international advanced levels of polysilicon key technology; high-end equipment used for manufacturing crystalline silicon cells still needs to be imported; and Chinese enterprises notably lag behind in thin-film cell processes and equipment. 

(e)        While Market Applications Continue to Expand, Cost Reduction is the Main Issue Facing the Industry 

Solar PV market applications will diversify, and will involve a broad range of fields. PV products  that  meet  various  needs  will  continue to  emerge  in  the  market.  In addition  to  large  scale  grid-connected  PV  power  plants,  small-size  PV  systems, off-grid  PV  systems,  and  PV  power  generation  systems  that  are  connected  to buildings will emerge rapidly. The cost of solar cells and PV systems will continue to decline and will gradually approach conventional power generation costs. Prices of silicon materials, modules, and ancillary parts will rapidly decline as a result of market pressure. Solar cells will continue to evolve toward high efficiency and low cost. 

III.      Guiding Ideologies, Basic Principles and Development Goals 

(a)        Guiding Ideologies

Thoroughly implement scientific concepts of development, and seize opportunities as countries around the world emphasize the development of new energy; focus on the goal of reducing the costs of PV power generation; improve the quality of PV products; strengthen China’s PV industry; endeavor to promote the innovation of key technologies; improve production techniques; break bottlenecks of equipment R&D and promote mass applications, so as to significantly enhance the overall competitiveness of China’s PV industry.

(b)        Basic principles

(i)         Work Out Overall Planning and Support Leading Enterprises 

Strengthen  national  macro  policy  guidance,  persist  in  overall  industry planning and reasonable industrial deployment, and set norms for the healthy development of the PV industry. Concentrate efforts on supporting leading enterprises to grow in strength. Encourage key PV enterprises to promote resource integration, mergers, and reorganization. 

(ii)        Support Technological Innovation to Reduce the Cost of Power Generation 

Let enterprises play a major role in technological innovation and industrial development, strengthen the R&D for key technologies, and enhance the production process. Endeavor to reduce the costs of PV power generation through the mass production of high-purity silicon materials, enhancement of cell conversion efficiency rates, localization of production equipment manufacturing, R&D of new types of cells and raw materials, and system integration. 

(iii)       Optimize  the  Industrial  Environment  and  Expand  the  PV Market

Promote the implementation of favorable policies for the PV industry. Utilize all types of resource advantages to optimize the industrial development environment. Give full play to market mechanisms, consolidate the industry’s position in the international market, and promote diversified applications in the domestic market so as to provide support for the stable development of China’s PV industry. 

(iv)       Strengthen the Service System to Promote the Industry’s Healthy Development 

Step  up  efforts  to  develop  the  public  services  platforms.  Establish  and improve  PV  standards  and  product  quality  inspection  and  certification systems. Strictly abide by environmental protection and production safety regulations.  Promote  energy  conservation,  emissions  reduction,  and utilization of resource recycling to conduct clean and safe production. 

(c)        Development Goals

(i)         Economic objectives 

During the 12th  five-year plan period, the PV industry will maintain stable and fast growth. Polysilicon, solar cells, and other products can meet the installed capacity requirements set by the national development plans for renewable energy, and can also meet demand in the international market. Support will be provided to major enterprises to grow stronger so that by 2015, leading polysilicon enterprises will reach 50,000 metric tons per year, and major enterprises will reach 10,000 metric tons per year; leading solar cell enterprises will reach the 5GW level, and major enterprises will reach the 1GW level. By 2015, in China there will be one PV enterprise with annual sales revenue exceeding RMB 100 billion, 3-5 PV enterprises with annual sales revenue exceeding RMB 50 billion, and 3-4 enterprises specializing in PV equipment manufacturing with annual sales revenue exceeding RMB 1 billion.

(ii)        Technology Goals

Along with the growth of the polysilicon industry, product quality and environmental standards will improve. The recovery rate of silicon tetrachloride, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen shall be no less than 98.5%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. By 2015, average total power consumption shall be lower than 120 kWh/kg, the conversion efficiency for monocrystal silicon cells will reach 21%, that of polysilicon cells will reach 19%, and that of amorphous silicon thin-film cells will reach 12%. New types of thin-film solar  cells  will  be  industrialized.  The  localization  rate  of  production equipment and auxiliary materials for PV cells will reach 80%, and Chinese enterprises will master key technologies involved in PV grid connection, manufacturing of energy storage equipment, and system integration.

(iii)       Innovation Goals

By 2015, Chinese PV enterprises will have significantly enhanced innovation capabilities. A number of brand enterprises with advanced core technologies will  emerge,  and  they  will  grasp  all  key  technology  and  production techniques in the PV industry. The conversion rate of technological achievements will rise significantly. The standards system will gradually improve. Chinese PV enterprises’ international influence will be greatly enhanced. National key laboratories and inspection platforms will be established by fully utilizing the existing foundation.

(iv)       Targets for the Cost of PV Power Generation 

By 2015, PV power generation will have a certain degree of economic competitiveness as the cost of PV modules will drop to 7,000 yuan/kW, that of PV systems will drop to 13,000 yuan/kW, and that of PV power generation will drop to 0.8 yuan/kW. By 2020, PV power generation will become economically competitive as the cost of PV modules will fall to 5,000 yuan/kW,  that  of  PV  systems  to  10,000  yuan/kW,  and  that  of  power generation costs to 0.6 yuan/kW. 

IV.       Main Tasks For the 12th Five-Year Plan Period

 (a)        Promote  Technological  Progress  and  Achieve  Transformation  and Upgrading 

Develop clean, safe, low energy consumption, high-purity, large-scale polysilicon production technology. Enhance the comprehensive utilization rate of by-products. Narrow the gap with international advanced production technology. Innovate and develop  production  technology  of  solar  cells,  encourage  mass  production,  and enhance the PV industry’s core competitiveness. Promote energy conservation and emission reduction within the industry. Pay close attention to technological advancements in new, clean, and environmentally friendly PV cells and materials, and strengthen technology R&D. 

(b)        Enhance  R&D  and  the  Application  of  Domestically  Manufactured Equipment and Integration Technology 

Support the R&D and industrialization of key production equipment used for polysilicon,  silicon  ingots/silicon  wafers,  cells  and  modules,  thin-film  cells,  and power generation applications in order to enhance product quality and PV conversion efficiency, and to reduce energy consumption during production. Strengthen the application of locally-manufactured equipment. Promote technical cooperation and exchanges between equipment enterprises and PV enterprises. 

(c)        Improve  the  Performance  of  Solar  Cells  and  Continue  to  Reduce Product Costs 

Strongly support R&D and industrialization of low-cost, high conversion efficiency, and long-life crystalline silicon solar cells. Reduce costs of cell products and ultimate power generation costs. Strive to achieve grid parity. Promote technological advancement and industrialization of silicon-based thin-film cells and copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) thin-film cells. Improve the conversion efficiency of thin-film cells.

(d)        Promote PV Application and Expand the PV Power Generation Market

Actively promote the formulation and implementation of feed-in tariff policies. Strengthen R&D and applications of PV products in industries such as agriculture, transportation, and architecture. Support the establishment of a number of distributed PV power stations, off-grid application systems, building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV), small PV systems, and PV-based multi-energy supplement systems. Encourage the establishment and application of large grid-connected PV power stations. Promote and improve technology systems and management mechanisms fit for PV power generation. 

(e)        Improve the Supporting Service System for the PV Industry

Establish and improve standards, patents, inspections, certification, and other supporting service systems. Strengthen management and services for the PV industry, and support the industry’s self-regulation and collaboration. Actively participate in the setting of international standards. Establish national industry standards systems that are in accordance with China’s actualities, including product standards for polysilicon materials and cells/modules, and inspection and acceptance standards for PV production equipment and PV systems. Accelerate the establishment of public service platforms for domestic certification and inspections.

V.        Key Focus Areas For the 12th Five-Year Plan Period 

(a)        High-Purity Polysilicon 

Support solar-level polysilicon production technology involving low energy consumption and low cost. Based on the existing foundation, through further research and systematic improvement, support the R&D of stable production techniques for electronic-grade polysilicon, and establish kiloton electronic-grade polysilicon production lines. Achieve breakthroughs in techniques, technologies, and equipment for energy-efficient large-scale purification, high-efficiency nitrogen recovery and purification, high-efficiency chemical vapor deposition, and the comprehensive utilization of polysilicon by-products. Construct 10,000-ton high-purity polysilicon production lines, with total energy consumption below 120 kWh/kg. 

(b)        Silicon Ingots/Silicon Wafers 

Support high-efficiency, low-cost, large-size ingot technology, focusing on the development of quasi-single crystal ingot technology. Achieve breakthroughs in key technologies for new-type slicing below 150-160 micron, such as cutting technology for silicon carbide and steel wires, in order to improve the quality of silicon wafers, the number of wafers per unit of silicon materials, and to reduce silicon material losses during slicing. 

(c)        Crystalline Silicon Cells

Aggressively  develop  and  industrialize  crystalline  silicon  cells  with  a  high conversion rate and a long service life. Provide key support for the research and application of low-reflectivity texturing technology, selective emitter technology, electrode alignment technology, plasma passivation technology, low-temperature electrode technology, and full back junction technology. Pay attention to key technologies of thin-film silicon, crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells, as well as other new types of solar cells. 

(d)        Thin-Film Cells

Focus on the development of laminated and multi-junction thin-film cells, which combine  amorphous  silicon  (a-Si)  and  microcrystalline  silicon  (μc-Si).  Reduce light-induced degradation of thin-film cells. Encourage enterprises to research and develop 5.5th generation or above high-efficiency and large-area silicon thin-film cells. Develop roll-to-roll production techniques for flexible silicon-based thin-film solar cells. Closely follow the industrialization progress of copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) and organic thin-film cells. Develop and master the preparation technologies and techniques for low-cost, non-vacuum CIGS thin-film cells, magnetron sputtering cells, and vacuum co-evaporate cells. 

(e)        High-Concentration Solar Cells

Focus   on   the   development   of   production   technology   for   high-concentration compound solar cells, which can concentrate sunlight by more than 500 times. Industry-produced cells’ efficiency rate can reach 35% under non-concentration conditions,    and    40%    under    concentration    conditions;    substrate    lift-off high-concentration cells’ conversion rate can exceed 25% under non-concentration conditions.   Achieve   breakthroughs   in   substrate   glass   technology   used   for high-concentration  solar  cells,  high-efficiency  high-concentration  compound  solar cell technology, analysis and stability control techniques of high-concentration cells, and  promptly  develop  Fresnel  lenses,  parabolic  mirrors,  and  other  ancillary equipment. 

(f)         BIPV Modules

Focus on the development of production technology for BIPV modules, including building materials that can be directly integrated into buildings, double-glass BIPV modules and insulating glass components that are applied to factory rooftops, agricultural greenhouses, and curtain walls. Address and solve the problems related to BIPV modules’ light transmission and heat insulation. Design BIPV components that are  beautiful,  practical,  and  can  be  directly  used  as  building  materials  and components. Expand the applications of building-attached photovoltaic (BAPV) modules. 

(g)        Specialized PV Production Equipment

Support key polysilicon production equipment such as equipment for reduction or hydrogenation of polysilicon, large, low energy consuming, fully-automatic monocrystal  furnaces,  metric  ton-grade  polysilicon  ingot  casting  furnaces,  large, ultra-thin silicon wafer multi-wire cutting machines, and silicon wafer automatic sorting machines. Support crystalline silicon solar cell production line equipment and thin-film solar cell production equipment such as multi-slot etching cleaning equipment, automatic plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), laser engraving machines, dry etching machines, ion implanters, automatic printing machines,  and  fast  sintering  furnaces.  Promote  the  integration  of  production techniques with PV production equipment that are low in energy consumption, high in efficiency, and automated. 

(h)        Ancillary Materials 

With regard  to  key ancillary  materials,  realize  domestic  production  of  crucibles, high-purity graphite, high-purity quartz sand, carbon-carbon composite materials, glass, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), backplane, electronic paste, and line cutting fluid. 

(i)         Grid and Energy Storage System 

Master the system integration technology for solar PV power generation and the design integration and engineering technology for 1 million kilowatt PV power generation bases. Develop high-power, PV grid-connected inverters, energy storage cells and systems, PV auto-tracking devices, statistics collection and monitoring systems, and wind and solar complementary systems. 

(j)         Establishment of Public Service Platforms

Support capable enterprises and public sector organizations in establishing public service platforms for national-level PV application system inspections and certifications, including examination and testing of polysilicon, cells and modules, thin-film cells, and PV systems engineering. Support relevant service platforms to study common problems that the industry is facing, develop and promote industry standards, and develop key generic technology. 

VI.       Policy Measures 

(a)        Enhance the Status of PV Energy and Strengthen Strategic Industrial Deployment

PV energy is a new green energy that is sustainable, pollution-free, and can generate a large  amount  of  power.  It  is  necessary  to  fully  understand  the  significance  and strategic value of solar PV power generation, and to give solar PV power generation consideration in the overall planning of national energy economy and sustainable social development. Enhance the strategic position of the solar PV industry in the national economy. By implementing relevant planning on industrial transformation, upgrading, and renewable energy, map out policies in the areas of industry, taxation, and finance to actively promote the healthy development of China’s PV industry. 

(b)       Strengthen Industry Administration and Standardize the Development of the PV Industry

According to industry policy and the actual needs for industrial development, take measures to strengthen industry administration, promote energy-saving and emission reduction, standardize the development of China’s PV industry, establish and improve the access standards of the PV industry, guide local governments to resolutely curb low-level repetitive construction to avoid a mass rush into the industry, which would lead to vicious market competition. Prompt relevant departments’ joint efforts to strengthen product inspections. Enterprises that do not meet environmental protection standards, sell poor-quality products, or disrupt normal order of market competition should be penalized and rectified in accordance with relevant regulations.

(c)        Focus on Overall Planning and Promote Reasonable Industrial Layout 

Strengthen overall industrial planning, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, adhere to the combination of “led by the market and guided by the government,” support leading enterprises that have already achieved industrial chains and  brand  awareness  to  allow  them  to  grow  stronger.  Encourage  leading  PV enterprises to expand through technological progress, inventory optimization, implementing the “going out” strategy, and actively participating in international competition. Implement differentiated policies and guide industries like polysilicon to move toward the western regions. Promote resource integration and encourage enterprises to engage in intensive development and operations. Support highly competitive enterprises with low production costs to merge and transform ailing PV enterprises. 

(d)        Actively  Foster  a  Diversified  Market  and  Promote  the  Industry’s Healthy Development 

Promote the formulation and implementation of detailed rules for feed-in tariffs. Continue to implement the “Golden Sun Project” and other supporting measures. Encourage PV enterprises to strengthen communications and cooperation with the power system. Accelerate the development of the domestic PV market. Insist on a combination of grid-connected power generation and off-grid application. With the goals of “going to the country side, enriching people, supporting the frontier, and controlling desertification,” develop a variety of PV products, and support the application of small PV systems, off-grid application systems, and PV power generation systems. Through reasonable tariffs, moderate financial subsidies, and active financial support, actively expand the domestic PV market. 

(e)        Support   Enterprises’   Independent   Innovation   and   Strengthen   the Industry’s Core Competitiveness 

Support PV enterprises’ transformation and upgrading. Through technological innovation, support key enterprises with proprietary technology to reinforce and boost core competitiveness. Enhance support for the PV industry’s technological innovation. Focus support on energy-conservation in polysilicon production, comprehensive utilization of by-products, R&D, and industrialization of efficient and high quality solar cells and low-cost new techniques. Strengthen cooperation between industry, academic,  and  research  institutes.  Support  the  R&D  of  key  generic  technology. Improve the technology level of domestically-manufactured PV equipment. Enhance efforts to cultivate professionals and support the establishment of technology R&D centers and post-doctoral research stations.

(f)         Improve  the  Standards  System  and  Promote  the  Establishment  of Inspection Certification and Monitoring Systems

太阳能光伏产业“十二五”发展规划

目    录

前言................................................................................................................................ 1

一、“十一五”发展回顾.............................................. 2

（一）我国光伏产业概况..................................................................................... 2

（二）我国光伏产业发展特点............................................................................. 4

二、“十二五”面临形势 ................................................... 5

（一）我国光伏产业面临广阔发展空间............................................................. 5

（二）光伏产业、政策及市场亟待加强互动..................................................... 6

（三）面临国际经济动荡和贸易保护的严峻挑战............................................. 6

（四）新工艺、新技术快速演进，国际竞争不断加剧..................................... 6

（五）市场应用不断拓展，降低成本仍是产业主题......................................... 7

三、指导思想、基本原则与发展目标 ........................................ 7

（一）指导思想..................................................................................................... 7

（二）基本原则..................................................................................................... 7

（三）发展目标..................................................................................................... 8

四、“十二五”主要任务 .................................................. 10

（一）推动工艺技术进步，实现转型升级....................................................... 10

（二）提高国产设备和集成技术的研发及应用水平....................................... 10

（三）提高太阳能电池的性能，不断降低产品成本....................................... 10

（四）促进光伏产品应用，扩大光伏发电市场............................................... 11

（五）完善光伏产业配套服务体系建设........................................................... 11

五、“十二五”发展重点 .................................................. 11

（一）高纯多晶硅............................................................................................... 11

（二）硅碇/硅片 ................................................................................................. 12

（三）晶硅电池................................................................................................... 12

（四）薄膜电池................................................................................................... 12

（五）高效聚光太阳能电池............................................................................... 13

（六）BIPV 组件 ................................................................................................ 13

（七）光伏生产专用设备................................................................................... 13

（八）配套辅料................................................................................................... 14

（九）并网及储能系统....................................................................................... 14

（十）公共服务平台建设................................................................................... 14

六、政策措施 .............................................................. 14

（一）提升光伏能源地位，加强产业战略部署............................................... 14

（二）加强行业管理，规范光伏产业发展....................................................... 15

（三）着力实施统筹规划，推进产业合理布局............................................... 15

（四）积极培育多样化市场，促进产业健康发展........................................... 15

（五）支持企业自主创新，增强产业核心竞争力........................................... 16

（六）完善标准体系，推动检测认证、监测制度建设................................... 16

（七）加强行业组织建设，积极参与国际竞争............................................... 17

前        言

太阳能资源丰富、分布广泛，是最具发展潜力的可再生 能源。随着全球能源短缺和环境污染等问题日益突出，太阳 能光伏发电因其清洁、安全、便利、高效等特点，已成为世 界各国普遍关注和重点发展的新兴产业。

在此背景下，近年来全球光伏产业增长迅猛，产业规模 不断扩大，产品成本持续下降。2009 年全球太阳能电池产量 为 10.66 吉瓦（GW），多晶硅产量为 11 万吨，2010 年分别 达到 20.5GW、16 万吨，组件价格则从 2000 年的 4.5 美元/ 瓦下降到 2010 年的 1.7 美元/瓦。

“十一五”期间，我国太阳能光伏产业发展迅速，已成为 我国为数不多的、可以同步参与国际竞争、并有望达到国际 领先水平的行业。加快我国太阳能光伏产业的发展，对于实 现工业转型升级、调整能源结构、发展社会经济、推进节能 减排均具有重要意义。国务院发布的《关于加快培育和发展 战略性新兴产业的决定》，已将太阳能光伏产业列入我国未 来发展的战略性新兴产业重要领域。

根据《工业转型升级规划(2011-2015 年）》、《信息产业 “十二五”发展规划》以及《电子信息制造业“十二五”发展规划》 的要求，在全面调研、深入研究、广泛座谈的基础上，编制 太阳能光伏产业“十二五”发展规划，作为我国“十二五”光伏产 业发展的指导性文件。

一、“十一五”发展回顾

（一）我国光伏产业概况

1．产业规模迅速提高，市场占有率稳居世界前列 “十一五”期间，我国太阳能电池产量以超过 100%的年均增长率快速发展。2007-2010 年连续四年产量世界第一，2010 年太阳能电池产量约为 10GW，占全球总产量的 50%。我国 太阳能电池产品 90%以上出口，2010 年出口额达到 202 亿美元。 

2．掌握关键材料生产技术，产业基础逐步牢固

“十一五”期间，我国投产的多晶硅年产量从两三百吨发展至 4.5  万吨，光伏产业原材料自给率由几乎为零提高至50%左右，已形成数百亿元级的产值规模。国内多晶硅骨干 企业已掌握改良西门子法千吨级规模化生产关键技术，规模 化生产的稳定性逐步提升。

3．主流产品技术与世界同步，产品质量稳步提高

“十一五”末期，我国晶硅电池 占太阳能电池总产量的95%以上。太阳能电池产品质量逐年提升，尤其是在转换效 率方面，骨干企业产品性能增长较快，单晶硅太阳能电池转 换效率达到 17-19%，多晶硅太阳能电池转换效率为 15-17%， 薄膜等新型电池转换效率约为 6-8%。

4．节能减排成效明显，资源利用率大幅提升 光伏产业节能减排取得显著成效，副产物综合利用水平

稳步提高，资源利用率整体取得大幅提升。2006 年每生产 1公斤多晶硅的平均单耗水平为：工业硅 1.8-2.0 公斤、液氯1.8 公斤、综合电耗 300-350 千瓦时，到 2010 年分别下降为： 工业硅 1.3-1.4 公斤、液氯 1.0 公斤、综合电耗 160-180 千瓦 时，部分骨干企业达到 130-150 千瓦时/公斤。生产晶硅太阳 能电池的多晶硅用量从 2006 年的 11 克/瓦下降到 2010 年的7-8 克/瓦。

5．生产设备不断取得突破，本土化水平不断提高

国产单晶炉、多晶硅铸锭炉、开方机等设备逐步进入产业化，占据国内较大市场份额。晶硅太阳能电池专用设备除 全自动印刷机和切割设备外基本实现了本土化并具备生产 线“交钥匙”的能力。硅基薄膜电池生产设备初步形成小尺寸整线生产能力。2010 年我国光伏专用制造设备销售收入超 过 40 亿元人民币，出口交货值达到 1 亿元人民币。

6．国内光伏市场逐步启动，装机量快速增长 我国已相继出台了《太阳能光电建筑应用财政补助资金管理暂行方法》和《关于实施金太阳示范工程的通知》等政 策，并先后启动了两批总计 290 兆瓦（MW）的光伏电站特 许权招标项目。截止 2010  年，我国累计光伏装机量达到800MW ， 当 年 新 增 装 机 容 量 达 到  500MW ， 同 比 增 长166%。

1．充分利用国内外市场要素，产业发展国际化程度高 我国光伏产业充分运用国内外资金、人才两大市场要素，“十一五”末期，已有数十家企业实现海外及国内上市，产 品广销国际市场。国内光伏企业以民营企业为主，主要企业 实力不断增强，有 4 家企业太阳能电池产量位居全球前十， 成为国际知名企业。

2．自主创新与引进吸收相结合，形成自主特色产业体系 通过自主创新与引进消化吸收再创新相结合，初步形成 了具有我国自主特色的光伏产业体系，多晶硅、电池组件及 控器等制造水平不断提高，制造设备的本土化率已经超过50%，太阳能电池的质量和技术水平也逐步走向世界前列。

3．产业链上下游协同发展，推动光伏发电成本下降 “十一五”期间，我国光伏产业突破材料、市场以及人才等发展瓶颈，产业规模迅速壮大，上下游完整产业链基本成 型。我国光伏产业的崛起带动了世界光伏产业的发展，有效 地推动了技术进步，降低了光伏产品成本，加快了全球光伏 产业应用步伐。

4．产业呈现集群化发展，有效提高区域竞争力 我国光伏产业区域集群化发展态势初步显现，依托区域资源优势和产业基础，国内已形成了江苏、河北、浙江、江 西、河南、四川、内蒙等区域产业中心，并涌现出一批国内外知名且具有代表性的企业，主要企业初步完成垂直一体化布局，加快海外并购和设厂，向国际化企业发展。 二、“十二五”面临形势 目前，各主要发达国家均从战略角度出发大力扶持光伏产业发展，通过制定上网电价法或实施“太阳能屋顶”计划等 推动市场应用和产业发展。国际各方资本也普遍看好光伏产 业：一方面，光伏行业内众多大型企业纷纷宣布新的投资计 划，不断扩大生产规模；另一方面，其他领域如半导体企业、 显示企业携多种市场资本正在或即将进入光伏行业。

从我国未来社会经济发展战略路径看，发展太阳能光伏 产业是我国保障能源供应、建设低碳社会、推动经济结构调 整、培育战略性新兴产业的重要方向。“十二五”期间，我国光 伏产业将继续处于快速发展阶段，同时面临着大好机遇和严 峻挑战。

（一）我国光伏产业面临广阔发展空间 世界常规能源供应短缺危机日益严重，化石能源的大量

开发利用已成为造成自然环境污染和人类生存环境恶化的 主要原因之一，寻找新兴能源已成为世界热点问题。在各种 新能源中，太阳能光伏发电具有无污染、可持续、总量大、 分布广、应用形式多样等优点，受到世界各国的高度重视。 我国光伏产业在制造水平、产业体系、技术研发等方面具有 良好的发展基础，国内外市场前景总体看好，只要抓住发展机遇，加快转型升级，后期必将迎来更加广阔的发展空间。

（二）光伏产业、政策及市场亟待加强互动 从全球来看，光伏发电在价格上具备市场竞争力尚需一段时间，太阳能电池需求的近期成长动力主要来自于各国政 府对光伏产业的政策扶持和价格补贴；市场的持续增长也将 推动产业规模扩大和产品成本下降，进而促进光伏产业的健 康发展。目前国内支持光伏应用的政策体系和促进光伏发电 持续发展的长效互动机制正在建立过程中，太阳能电池产品 多数出口海外市场，产业发展受金融危机和海外市场变化影 响很大，对外部市场的依存度过高，不利于持续健康发展。

（三）面临国际经济动荡和贸易保护的严峻挑战 近年来全球经济发展存在动荡形势，一些国家的新能源政策出现调整，相关补贴纷纷下调，对我国光伏产业发展有 较大影响。同时，欧美等国已发生多起针对我国光伏产业的 贸易纠纷，类似纠纷今后仍将出现，主要原因有：一是我国 太阳能电池成本优势明显，对国外产品造成压力；二是国内 光伏市场尚未大规模启动，产品主要外销，可能引发倾销疑 虑；三是我国相关标准体系尚不完善，存在产品质量水平参 差不齐等问题。

（四）新工艺、新技术快速演进，国际竞争不断加剧 全球光伏产业技术发展日新月异：晶体硅电池转换效率年均增长一个百分点；薄膜电池技术水平不断提高；纳米材料电池等新兴技术发展迅速；太阳能电池生产和测试设备不断升级。而国内光伏产业在很多方面仍存在较大差距，国际 竞争压力不断升级：多晶硅关键技术仍落后于国际先进水 平，晶硅电池生产用高档设备仍需进口，薄膜电池工艺及装 备水平明显落后。

（五）市场应用不断拓展，降低成本仍是产业主题 太阳能光伏市场应用将呈现宽领域、多样化的趋势，适应各种需求的光伏产品将不断问世，除了大型并网光伏电站 外，与建筑相结合的光伏发电系统、小型光伏系统、离网光 伏系统等也将快速兴起。太阳能电池及光伏系统的成本持续 下降并逼近常规发电成本，仍将是光伏产业发展的主题，从 硅料到组件以及配套部件等均将面临快速降价的市场压力， 太阳能电池将不断向高效率、低成本方向发展。

三、指导思想、基本原则与发展目标

（一）指导思想 深入贯彻落实科学发展观，抓住当前全球大力发展新能源的大好机遇，紧紧围绕降低光伏发电成本、提升光伏产品 性能、做优做强我国光伏产业的宗旨，着力推动关键技术创 新、提升生产工艺水平、突破装备研发瓶颈、促进市场规模 应用，使我国光伏产业的整体竞争力得到显著提升。

（二）基本原则

1．立足统筹规划，坚持扶优扶强

加强国家宏观政策引导，坚持做好行业统筹规划和产业合理布局，规范光伏产业健康发展。集中力量支持优势企业 做优做强，鼓励重点光伏企业推进资源整合和兼并重组。

2．支持技术创新，降低发电成本 以企业为技术创新和产业发展的主体，强化关键技术研发，提升生产工艺水平，从高纯硅材料规模化生产、电池转 换效率提高、生产装备国产化、新型电池和原辅材料研发、 系统集成等多方面入手，努力降低光伏发电成本。

3．优化产业环境，扩大光伏市场

推动各项光伏扶持政策的落实，调动各方面的资源优 势，优化产业发展环境。充分发挥市场机制作用，巩固国际 市场，扩大国内多样化应用，使我国光伏产业的发展有稳定 的市场依托。

4．加强服务体系建设，推动产业健康发展

加强公共服务平台建设，建立健全光伏标准及产品质量检测认证体系，严格遵守环境保护和安全生产规定，推进节 能减排、资源循环利用，实现清洁生产和安全生产。

（三）发展目标

1．经济目标

“十二五”期间，光伏产业保持平稳较快增长，多晶硅、 太阳能电池等产品适应国家可再生能源发展规划确定的装 机容量要求，同时积极满足国际市场发展需要。支持骨干企业做优做强，到 2015 年形成：多晶硅领先企业达到 5 万吨级，骨干企业达到万吨级水平；太阳能电池领先企业达到5GW 级，骨干企业达到 GW 级水平；1 家年销售收入过千亿 元的光伏企业，3-5 家年销售收入过 500 亿元的光伏企业；3-4 家年销售收入过 10 亿元的光伏专用设备企业。

2．技术目标

多晶硅生产实现产业规模、产品质量和环保水平的同步提高，还原尾气中四氯化硅、氯化氢、氢气回收利用率不低 于 98.5%、99%、99%，到 2015 年平均综合电耗低于 120 度/公斤。单晶硅电池的产业化转换效率达到 21%，多晶硅电池 达到 19%，非晶硅薄膜电池达到 12%，新型薄膜太阳能电池 实现产业化。光伏电池生产设备和辅助材料本土化率达到80%，掌握光伏并网、储能设备生产及系统集成关键技术。

3．创新目标

到 2015 年，企业创新能力显著增强，涌现出一批具有 掌握先进核心技术的品牌企业，掌握光伏产业各项关键技术 和生产工艺。技术成果转化率显著提高，标准体系建设逐步 完善，国际影响力大大增强。充分利用已有基础，建立光伏 产业国家重点实验室及检测平台。

4．光伏发电成本目标

到 2015 年，光伏组件成本下降到 7000 元/千瓦，光伏系 统成本下降到 1.3 万元/ 千瓦，发电成本下降到 0.8 元/ 千瓦时，光伏发电具有一定经济竞争力；到 2020 年，光伏组件成本下降到 5000 元/ 千瓦，光伏系统成本下降到 1 万元/ 千 瓦，发电成本下降到 0.6 元/ 千瓦时，在主要电力市场实现 有效竞争。

四、“十二五”主要任务

（一）推动工艺技术进步，实现转型升级 发展清洁、安全、低能耗、高纯度、规模化的多晶硅生

产技术，提高副产物综合利用率，缩小与国际先进生产水平 的差距。实现太阳能电池生产技术的创新发展，鼓励规模化 生产，提高光伏产业的核心竞争力。推动行业节能减排。密 切关注清洁、环保的新型光伏电池及材料技术进展，加强技 术研发。

（二）提高国产设备和集成技术的研发及应用水平 以提高产品质量和光电转换效率，降低生产能耗为目标，支持多晶硅、硅锭/硅片、电池片及组件、薄膜电池用关 键生产设备以及发电应用设备研发与产业化，加强本地化设 备的应用。推动设备企业与光伏产品企业加强技术合作与交流。

（三）提高太阳能电池的性能，不断降低产品成本

大力支持低成本、高转换效率和长寿命的晶硅太阳能电 池研发及产业化，降低电池产品成本和最终发电成本，力争 尽快实现平价上网。推动硅基薄膜、铜铟镓锡薄膜等电池的技术进步及产业化进程，提高薄膜电池的转率效率。

（四）促进光伏产品应用，扩大光伏发电市场 积极推动上网电价政策的制定和落实，并在农业、交通、建筑等行业加强光伏产品的研发和应用力度，支持建立一批 分布式光伏电站、离网应用系统、光伏建筑一体化（BIPV） 系统、小型光伏系统及以光伏为主的多能互补系统，鼓励大 型光伏并网电站的建设与应用，推动完善适应光伏发电特点 的技术体系和管理体制。

（五）完善光伏产业配套服务体系建设 建立健全标准、专利、检测、认证等配套服务体系，加强光伏行业管理与服务，支持行业自律协作。积极参与国际标准制定，建立完善符合我国国情的光伏国家/行业标准体 系，包括多晶硅材料、电池/组件的产品标准，光伏生产设备 标准和光伏系统的验收标准等。加快建设国内认证、检测等 公共服务平台。

五、“十二五”发展重点

（一）高纯多晶硅

支持低能耗、低成本的太阳能级多晶硅生产技术。在现有的基础上，通过进一步的研究、系统改进及完善，支持研 发稳定的电子级多晶硅生产技术，并建立千吨级电子级多晶 硅生产线。突破高效节能的大型提纯、高效氢气回收净化、 高效化学气相沉积、多晶硅副产物综合利用等装置及工艺技术，建设万吨级高纯多晶硅生产线，综合能耗小于 120 度/公斤。

（二）硅碇/硅片

支持高效率、低成本、大尺寸铸锭技术，重点发展准单晶铸锭技术。突破 150-160 微米以下新型切片关键技术，如 金刚砂、钢线切割技术，提高硅片质量和单位硅材料出片率， 减少硅料切割损耗。

（三）晶硅电池

大力发展高转换率、长寿命晶硅电池技术的研发与产业化。重点支持低反射率的绒面制备技术、选择性发射极技术 及后续的电极对准技术、等离子体钝化技术、低温电极技术、 全背结技术的研究及应用。关注薄膜硅/晶体硅异质结等新型 太阳能电池成套关键技术。

（四）薄膜电池

重点发展非晶与微晶相结合的叠层和多结薄膜电池。降低薄膜电池的光致衰减，鼓励企业研发 5.5 代以上大面积高 效率硅薄膜电池，开发柔性硅基薄膜太阳电池卷对卷连续生 产工艺等。及时跟进铜铟镓硒和有机薄膜电池的产业化进 程，开发并掌握低成本非真空铜铟镓锡薄膜电池制备技术， 磁控溅射电池制备技术，真空共蒸法电池制备技术，规模化 制造关键工艺。

（五）高效聚光太阳能电池

重点发展高倍聚光化合物太阳能电池产业化生产技术， 聚光倍数达到 500 倍以上，产业化生产的电池在非聚光条件 下效率超过 35%，聚光条件下效率超过 40%，衬底剥离型高 倍聚光电池转化效率在非聚光条件下效率超过 25%。突破高 倍聚光太阳电池衬底玻璃技术、高效率高倍聚光化合物太阳 电池技术、高倍率聚光电池测试分析和稳定性控制技术等， 及时发展菲涅尔和抛物镜等配套设备。

（六）BIPV 组件

重点发展 BIPV 组件生产技术，包括可直接与建筑相结 合的建材、应用于厂房屋顶、农业大棚及幕墙上的双玻璃 BIPV 组件、中空玻璃组件等，解决 BIPV 组件的透光、隔热 等问题，设计出美观、实用、可直接作为建材和构件用的 BIPV 组件。扩大建筑附着光伏（BAPV）组件应用范围。

（七）光伏生产专用设备

支持还原、氢化等多晶硅生产设备，大尺寸、低能耗、全自动单晶炉，吨级多晶硅铸锭炉，大尺寸、超薄硅片多线 切割机，硅片自动分选机等关键生产设备。支持多槽制绒清

洗设备 、 全 自 动 平 板 式 等 离 子 体 增 强 化 学 汽 相 沉 积（PECVD）、激光刻蚀机、干法刻蚀机、离子注入机、全自 动印刷机、快速烧结炉等晶硅太阳能电池片生产线设备和 PECVD 等薄膜太阳能电池生产设备。促进光伏生产装备的低能耗、高效率、自动化和生产工艺一体化。

（八）配套辅料

在关键配套辅料方面，实现坩埚、高纯石墨、高纯石英砂、碳碳复合材料、玻璃、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）胶、 背板、电子浆料、线切割液等国产化。

（九）并网及储能系统 掌握太阳能光伏发电系统集成技术、百万千瓦光伏发电

基地的设计集成和工程技术，开发大功率光伏并网逆变器、 储能电池及系统、光伏自动跟踪装置、数据采集与监控系统、 风光互补系统等。

（十）公共服务平台建设

支持有能力的企事业单位建设国家级光伏应用系统检 测、认证等公共服务平台，包括多晶硅、电池片和组件、薄 膜电池的检测，光伏系统工程的验收等。支持相关服务平台 开展行业共性问题研究，制订和推广行业标准，研发关键共 性技术等。

六、政策措施

（一）提升光伏能源地位，加强产业战略部署 光伏能源是一种可持续、无污染、总量大的绿色新能源，应当充分认识太阳能光伏发电的战略价值和重要意义，切实 在国家能源经济和社会可持续发展的总体部署中予以统筹 考虑，提升太阳能光伏产业在国民经济发展中的战略地位。通过实施工业转型升级和可再生能源等相关规划，统筹制订产业、财税、金融、人才等扶持政策，积极促进我国光伏产 业健康发展。

（二）加强行业管理，规范光伏产业发展 根据产业政策要求和行业发展实际需要，切实加强行业

管理，推动行业节能减排，规范我国光伏产业发展，建立健 全光伏行业准入标准，引导地方政府坚决遏制低水平重复建 设，避免一哄而上和市场恶性竞争。推动相关职能部门联合 加强产品检查，对于不达环保标准、出售劣质产品、扰乱正 常市场竞争秩序的企业，依照相关规定给予处罚和整顿。

（三）着力实施统筹规划，推进产业合理布局 加强行业统筹规划，推动企业转型升级，坚持市场主导

与政府引导相结合，扶持产业链完备、已具有品牌知名度的 骨干企业做优做强。鼓励实力领先的光伏企业依靠技术进 步、优化存量、扩大发展规模，实施“走出去”战略，积极参 与国际产业竞争。实施差异化政策，引导多晶硅等产业向西 部地区转移。推动资源整合，鼓励企业集约化开发经营，支 持生产成本低、竞争力强的企业兼并改造生产经营不佳的光 伏企业。

（四）积极培育多样化市场，促进产业健康发展 推动制订和落实上网电价实施细则，继续实施“金太阳工程”等扶持措施，鼓励光伏企业与电力系统等加强沟通合作，加快启动国内光伏市场。坚持并网发电与离网应用相结合，以“下乡、富民、支边、治荒”为目标，支持小型光伏系统、 离网应用系统、与建筑相结合的光伏发电系统等应用，开发 多样化的光伏产品。通过合理的电价标准、适度的财政补贴 和积极的金融扶持，积极扩大国内光伏市场。

（五）支持企业自主创新，增强产业核心竞争力 支持光伏企业转型升级，通过技术改造等手段扶持掌握自主技术的骨干企业，巩固和提高核心竞争力。加大对光伏 产业技术创新的扶持力度，重点支持多晶硅节能降耗、副产 物综合利用、太阳能电池高效高质和低成本新工艺技术的研 发和产业化项目。加强产学研结合，支持关键共性技术研发， 全面提升本土化光伏设备技术水平。加大人才培养力度，支 持建立企业技术研发中心与博士后科研流动站。

（六）完善标准体系，推动检测认证、监测制度建设重视光伏产品和系统标准体系建设，以我国自主知识产权为基础，结合国内产业技术实际水平，推动制定多晶硅、 硅锭/硅片、太阳能电池等产品和光伏系统相关标准，积极参 与制订国际标准，建立健全产品检测认证、监测制度，促进 行业的规范化、标准化发展。加强对光伏产品质量标准符合 性的行业管理，避免劣质产品流入市场。推动企业加强光伏 产品回收。