THAILAND: 10-Year Alternative Energy Development Plan (2012-2021)

Meta Data
Title in national language: 
แผนพัฒนาพลังงานทดแทน และ พลังงานทางเลือก 25% ใน 10 ปี (พ.ศ.2555 – 2564)
Draft: 
No
Revision of previous policy?: 
Yes
Draft Year: 
2011
Effective Start Year: 
2012
Effective End Year: 
2015
Scope: 
National
Document Type: 
Plan/Strategy
Economic Sector: 
Energy, Power, Transport, Building, Multi-Sector, Other
Energy Types: 
Power, Renewable, Bioenergy, Geothermal, Hydropower, Solar, Wave and Tidal, Wind
Issued by: 
Ministry of Energy, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
Source: 
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy
File: 
AEDP 2012-2021
มติคณะกรรมการนโยบายพลังงานแห่งชาติ
Overall Summary: 
A roadmap showing renewable and alternative energy development strategy through 2021, including target value of cumulative capacity, framework and development plans for each type of renewable energy.
Access
Energy access action plan: 
Promoting community to collaborate in broaden production and consumption of renewable energy * Wind turbine in co-generation with other power generating systems in remote community and non-electrified island.---* Promote and support biogas production at household level, especially rural community to benefit using in their households.---Generate the hydropower at village level for the non-electrified households by not connecting to transmission system (Off Grid).
Consumer subsidies: 
Adjusting incentive measures for investment from private sector appropriated with the situation * Facilitating the people to capably request for land utilisation and installing wind turbine in remote area.
Efficiency
EE financial incentives: 
Prepare the financial support measure on efficiency improvement of the old biomass power plants for changing any low pressure boilers to high pressure boilers.
Renewable Energy
RE priorities: 
To capably develop renewable energy as one of the country major energy sources in sustainable replacing of fossil fuel and oil import for the future. ---Promoting the community to collaborate in broaden producing and consuming renewable energy.
RE targets: 
Solar energy: target in 2021 is 2,000 MW with a current total generating capacity at 75.48 MW.---Promote the small system project capably installing at household and community level, including Solar PV Rooftop, for 1,000 MW in 10 years.---Wind energy: target in 2021 is 1,200 MW where a present total generating capacity is 7.28 MW.---Hydropower: the 2021 target is at 1,608 MW where the current capacity is 86.39 MW.---Energy from waste: MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) : The 2021 target is 160 MW where a total capacity is currently at 1.45 MW.---Biomass: The 2021 target is 3,630 MW with a total current capacity is at 1,751.86 MW.---Biogas: The 2021 target is 600 MW. A total capacity is 138 MW at present.---Geothermal energy: a target in 2021 is 1 MW with a present capacity of 350 kW.---Energy from wave and tidal current The target is at 2 MW but no power generation at the present.---Ethanol (as fuel to substitute benzene): the 2021 target is at 9 ml/day where a total capacity is at 1.3 ml/day at the present.---Prepare to terminate using of 91 benzene, ending by October 2012.---Bio Diesel (as fuel to substitute diesel): the 2021 target is at 5.97 ml/day where a total capacity is at 1.62 ml/day at the present.---upport palm plantation area of 5.5 million rai and getting a total palm yielding of 5.3 million rai by 2021. 1.2 Increase production capacity of crude palm oil at not less than 3.05 mt/yr. 1.3 Set the production or yielding target at not lower 3.2 t/rai/yr in proportional to oil content not less than 18 percent.---New fuel for the future diesel substitution : the 2021 target is at 25 ml/day.---Solar energy: the 2021 target is at 100 ktoe where a total capacity is 1.98 ktoe at present.---Biogas: the 2021 target is 1,000 ktoe with a total capacity presently at 379 ktoe [...]. Implement the Compress Biogas (CBG) Project as supplement part and support the promotion on using natural gas in transport sector or NGV (Natural Gas for Vehicles) with a target to raise NGV system by 5 percent.---Biomass: a target in 2021 is 8,200 ktoe where total capacity at present is 3,286 ktoe.---Target values in 2021 for transport sector are as follows: increase the national average production per rai per year of cassava and sugarcane at yielding not less than 5 and 15 t/rai/yr; Bio-diesel at 5.97 ml/day (1.62 ml/day 2012); new fuel for future diesel substitution 25 ml/day.---Please, see Table 1: the AEDP Renewable Energy Consumption Target for further details on RE targets.---(AEDP new plan): Power Generation from Renewable Energy 9,201 MW; Percentage of Oil Substitution 44%. Thermal Generation (ktoe) 9,333. Biofuel (ml/d) 39.97%.
RE action plans: 
Promoting community to collaborate in broaden production and consumption of renewable energy: * Wind turbine in co-generation with other power generating systems in remote community and non-electrified island. ---Support the construction of hydropower plant project at community level, let the local administrative organisation or local people to collaborate as project owner and capable for their future self management and maintenance.---Assign the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE) and Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) to develop small hydropower system of downstream irrigation dam and mini hydropower system at generating capacity of 200 - 6,000 kW.---Assign EGAT to develop the new pumped storage system project in 2 areas, i.e. Lam Takong Pumped Storage (unit 3-4) at 500 MW and Chulabhorn Dam Pumped Storage Project at capacity of 784 MW to support the renewable energy development in the Northeast.---Promote establishment of ‘‘Distributed Green Generation (DGG)’’ as for community energy station by the local energy enterprise group as owner to integrated manage the station. Promote planting the fast growing trees in any wilderness/wasteful land or non-utilised area, and to process for distribution as fuel to DGG in order to extend using in electricity generation.---Promote the system installation of solar heating/ cooling, government buildings might be installed as the pilot scheme. * Develop the solar hot water system for households at low cost. * Develop the compulsory mechanism such as: Building Energy Code to enforce large buildings for installing the Solar Hot/ Cool Water System. * Promote the solar drying system for SMEs and local enterprises (OTOP).---Implement the Compress Biogas (CBG) Project as supplement part and support the promotion on using natural gas in transport sector or NGV (Natural Gas for Vehicles) [...].
RE feed-in tariffs: 
Adjusting incentive measures for investment from private sector appropriated with the situation: * Adjust the Adder to be Feed-in Tariff (FIT) system.---Consider to require supportive measures as adder or FIT and RHI (Renewable Heat Incentive) specially for DGG project at community level in particular.
Biofuels obligation/mandate: 
Manage the proportion of bio diesel blending relevant to the domestic palm oil production.---Prepare to develop the bio diesel standard of FAME to gain the blending share up to 7 percent in diesel oil.
RE heat obligation/mandate: 
Manage to develop the RHI (Renewable Heat Incentive) measure to promote using renewable energy resources, for ex: biomass, MSW, biogas and solar, etc. to be converted to heat for industrial sector to replace fossil fuels, i.e. LPG, heavy oil, coal/lignite, etc. [...].
RE capital subsidy, grant, or rebate: 
Prepare the financial support measure on efficiency improvement of the old biomass power plants for changing any low pressure boilers to high pressure boilers.---Manage to develop the RHI (Renewable Heat Incentive) measure to promote using renewable energy resources, for ex: biomass, MSW, biogas and solar, etc. to be converted to heat for industrial sector to replace fossil fuels, i.e. LPG, heavy oil, coal/lignite, etc. [...].
RE reductions in taxes: 
Support the manufacturing of Eco-Car and E85 Car in general, by reducing excise tax to car makers for 50,000 baht per each E85 Car and 30,000 baht for each of Eco-Car.
RE public awareness/promotional programmes: 
Disseminate and conduct public relations on information and advantages of hydropower project.---Promote and support producing energy from MSW in small communities, for instances: schools, temples, communities, local organisations.---Build up the collaboration in targeted area for establishment of waste to energy system, conduct campaign to educate children and juveniles in the detailed waste management for energy and environment at local level.---Build up the collaborative process in target area to install the biomass-derived energy system, campaign to educate children and juveniles in the detailed biomass management for energy and environment at local level.---Conduct public relations via media to disseminate knowledge and news and to create good image of investment in producing and utilising of biogas safely (Biogas Safety Campaign).---Building up comprehensive understanding of community in using geothermal for energy production.---Continuously campaign the public relations to create understanding on the E10, E20 and E85 gasohol.
Environment
GHG emissions reduction targets: 
CO2 Reduction: 76 mt/yr in 2012.
Carbon markets: 
Revenue Gained from Selling Carbon Credit: 23,000 million baht.
Land use change for energy production purposes: 
Promote growing palm trees in appropriate areas not competing with any food crops.
Energy-water nexus: 
Promoting community to collaborate in broaden production and consumption of renewable energy * Wind turbine for agriculture especially, wind turbine for water pumping and traditional waterwheel for consumption.
Pricing
Energy taxation: 
Make the price differentiate of E20 at 3 baht/l lower than 95 gasohol and prompt setting the marketing value of E20 to higher than 91 gasohol at not less than 0.50 baht/l as incentive to encourage the extension of E20 service stations.
Energy pricing: 
Promote biogas production/consumption as CBG (Compress Bio-Methane Gas) for transportation through price mechanism that reflects cost to support using biogas for CBG production.---Make the price differentiate of E20 at 3 baht/l lower than 95 gasohol and prompt setting the marketing value of E20 to higher than 91 gasohol at not less than 0.50 baht/l as incentive to encourage the extension of E20 service stations.
Energy Supply and Infrastructure
Infrastructure development priorities: 
Improving the infrastructure as system of transmission line, power distribution line, including a development towards Smart Grid System.---Establish the extension plan for transmission system and energy storage system, for instances: pumped storage system in area with high wind energy potential as in the northeast.---Assign EGAT and PEA (the Provincial Electricity Authority) to consider extending the transmission and distribution lines to support the development of biomass power plant project, especially in area with high potential of energy from biomass, such as at the South.--- Promote and support development of biogas network [...].---Restriction in development of geothermal source for power generation since most domestic sources are not at high heating value.---Promote the production system of biomass pallets.---Assign EGAT to develop the new pumped storage system project in 2 areas, i.e. Lam Takong Pumped Storage (unit 3-4) at 500 MW and Chulabhorn Dam Pumped Storage Project at capacity of 784 MW to support the renewable energy development in the Northeast.
Trade
Energy trade priorities: 
Amend the laws and regulations to support the Ethanol Free Trade in the future [...].
Investment
Investment climate development: 
Adjusting the incentive measure on investment from private sector appropriated with the situation.
Governance
Energy management principles: 
To strengthen the country energy security. ---To create using renewable energy at community level as of integrated green community.---To support the domestic renewable energy technology production industry. ---* Establish the network of biomass energy entrepreneurs.--- Promote and support development of biogas network for connecting to system with excess capacity for sharing in community through mechanism of community self management.
National policy structure: 
Amending the laws and regulations which do not benefit to renewable energy development. ---Study and develop laws and regulations for Biogas Safety Standard.---Amend the laws and regulations to support the Ethanol Free Trade in the future [...].
Technology
Clean energy technology priorities: 
To support the domestic renewable energy technology production industry. ---To research, develop and promote Thailand renewable energy technology for competitive capability in the international market. ---Improving the infrastructure as system of transmission line, power distribution line, including a development towards Smart Grid System.---Energy from wave and tidal current: Speed up the study to capably identify the sources and technology types to be applied for energy from Thailand sea.---Promote the co-generation system of CHP or Combined Heat and Power (electricity and thermal) or Biomass Co-generation System for broaden use.
Clean energy technology deployment: 
Develop the production, consumption and standard of Biomass Pallet as for the future biomass fuel. * Develop the technologies of Gasifier and Gas Engine, including theirs extended industrial plants for domestic production. * Develop the Biomass-to Liquid technology.---Research and develop producing biogas from mixed wastes (Co-Digestion), especially digesting of biomass resources as water hyacinth, corn cob to mix fermenting with animal manures. * Develop using biogas as CBG for transportation at higher efficiency.---* Develop the potential map of national geothermal sources and technologies. * Assess the feasibility in development of geothermal sources by appropriate technologies. * Evaluate the cost effectiveness and impacts on community, environment and public health from energy production. * Try adopting technology which utilises geothermal energy at not high temperature.* Follow up any technologies suitable for potentials and geography.---Support the budget on research, testing and building up incentive to raise ethanol demand, as: applying conversion kit for any old cars and motorcycles to capably fuelled by E85 or tuning -modifying the diesel engines for fuelling by ED 95.---Promoting the research work as mechanism to develop the integrated renewable energy industry: * Promote integrated upstream industry of solar panel production, for ex: silicon wafers plant. Encourage to emerge industry for electricity storage devices and integrated wind power generation system. * Develop the wind turbine type appropriated with Thailand wind speed.
Natural gas transportation technology: 
Implement the Compress Biogas (CBG) Project as supplement part and support the promotion on using natural gas in transport sector or NGV (Natural Gas for Vehicles) [...].
R&D renewable energy: 
Promote research work as mechanism in development of integrated renewable energy industry: Conduct research and develop the Micro Hydro Turbine of Run-of River (Water Flow) Type. Develop the wind turbine type appropriated with Thailand wind speed. * Study and develop hydro turbine of low-head type (ex: Banki, Kaplan, Propeller).---Study the RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) management * Research, develop the domestic production of incinerator and the small waste to energy system at capacity not over 50 t/day. * Develop the standards and appliances for producing oil from plastic waste.---Research and develop producing biogas from mixed wastes (Co-Digestion), especially digesting of biomass resources as water hyacinth, corn cob to mix fermenting with animal manures. * Develop using biogas as CBG for transportation at higher efficiency.---Study the appropriate raw material sources of hydrogen production in Thailand * Research and develop technologies of domestic production, storage and related devices. * Research and develop hydrogen production process at high efficiency with low cost. * Research and develop technology of hydrogen application in energy storage system, including to research and demonstrate other types of potential energy storage system, for examples: Vanadium Redox Flow Technology and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology, etc.