The present law regulates relations and activities in the areas of electricity generation, transmission, dispatch, distribution, import, export and consumption, as well as in the areas of natural gas supply, transportation and distribution. The policy promotes the development of electricity and natural gas sectors in Georgia on the basis of market economy principles. The present law shall not apply to activities related to exploration, production, purification, processing, storage of natural gas, to relations between the producer of natural gas and supply licensee, to the transit of electricity and natural gas through the territory of Georgia. The policy focuses on a number of critical objectives, including: 1) enabling a competitive environment and regulation of existing non-competitive markets for establishing wholesale electricity and natural gas tariff systems that accurately reflect economically justified costs of electricity generation, transmission, dispatch, distribution, export, import, and consumption, as well as costs associated with natural gas transportation, distribution, supply and consumption; 2) provision of the legal basis for reliable electricity and natural gas supply for all categories of consumers; 3) encouraging domestic and foreign investments in rehabilitation and development of electricity and natural gas sectors; 4) encouraging the use of domestic gas resources.

The policy sets regulatory frameworks for oil and gas sector in the Republic of Georgia placing particular emphasis on: 1) creation of the universal legal basis for the development of oil and gas resources and implementation of the state policy on oil and gas; 2) promotion of investments in the Georgian oil and gas sector and protection of legal interests of entities participating in oil and gas operations; 3) creation of the effective legal base for state supervision and control of oil and gas operations in Georgia, formation of the respective state body; 4) determination of general principles for contracts on oil and gas prospecting and production between the state and investor; 5) determination of functions of the National Oil Company of Georgia.

Present Act establishes an all-encompassing framework for the regulation of electric power industry in the Republic of Turkmenistan. Focusing on measures to achieve economy-wide improvements, the policy facilitates the introduction of innovative and energy-conserving technologies, supports capacity building in the energy sector.

Primary objectives of the policy document include restoration and reservation of mineral resources. Frameworks are set for the protection of interests of Turkmenistan citizens and the state in the sphere of subsoil development.

Present Law establishes an extensive institutional and regulatory framework for the exploration of hydrocarbon - oil and gas - resources in the Republic of Turkmenistan. The policy carves the niche for the fundamental objective of environmental protection, seeks to ensure that national hydrocarbon resources are used in a sustainable manner. Aspects under consideration include oil and gas infrastructure development being an essential component for fostering economic growth.

The present law defines the principles of state regulation in the field of gas export, aims to protect the economic interests of the Russian Federation, ensure compliance with international obligations and treaties the Russian Federation adheres to, maintain the fuel and energy balance of the country. The Federal Law shall apply to gas produced from all types of hydrocarbon crude fields and transported in gaseous or liquefied state (hereinafter referred to as natural gas in gaseous state, and natural gas in liquefied state, respectively).

The policy establishes legal, economic and organizational basis for the regulation of gas supply in the Russian Federation. The primary objective of the regulatory document is to ensure meeting the national demand for natural gas along with achieving improvements in existing trading mechanisms and tranboundary cooperation on the exploration of conventional sources of energy. The Law is structured as follows: Chapter 1 focuses on general provisions, Chapter 2 sets forth the principles of the state regulation in the field of gas supply, Chapter 3 highlights the specific features for the operation of gas deposits, Chapters 4 and 5 lay the ground for the development of gas markets in the Russian Federation, Chapter 6 focuses on economic relations in the area of gas supply, Chapter 7 aims to restrain monopolistic activities in the energy sector of the Russian Federation through enabling a more competitive market environment, Chapter 7 defines economic relations in the field of gas supply placing an emphasis on the mechanisms of tariff regulation, Chapters 8 concentrates on the legal relations between gas supplying organizations and entities of other sectors of the economy, Chapter 9 proposes measures to strengthen industrial security in the sector. --- The policy was adopted and approved by the chambers of the Federal Council of the Russian Federation in 1999 and came into force on the date of its official publication.

The Republic of the Marshall Islands National Energy Policy of 2009 provides an overall framework for a shift toward more sustainable national use of energy. It emphasizes the procurement of petroleum fuel on better terms to reduce its financial cost and the reduction in the use of petroleum fuels through investments in renewal energy and increased energy efficiency. This Action Plan provides details of actions necessary to implement the national energy policies and strategies of chapter 4 through 9 of the policy (4. Energy Policy Administration and Implementation, 5. Petroleum and Liquid Fuels, 6. Electric Power, 7. Transport and Energy Use, 8. Energy Efficiency, and 9. Renewable Energy). It includes specific activities, priorities, time required, possible funding sources, and a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) mechanism. Although this plan covers a period of 3 years, priorities, opportunities and constraints will inevitably change over time, sometimes quickly. The policy issues are likely to remain unchanged for some years but the Action Plan must be adjusted regularly to reflect current needs.---Note: Q: Quarter.

The Volume 1: National Energy Policy was issued in 2009 and after extensive consultation within government and with the public. It expresses the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI)’s commitment towards a new energy direction and serves as the foundation for planning and development in the energy sector over the medium term. The framework used for developing the national energy policy constitutes of five specific areas to shift toward more sustainable energy development and use in the Marshall Islands: • Petroleum and Liquid Fuels, • Electric Power, • Transport and Energy Use, • Energy Efficiency, and • Renewable Energy. A more detailed action plan has been prepared to implement the policies and strategies. The Energy Action Plan is a separate document, comprising volume 2 of this policy. NOTE: EPPSO (Economic Policy, Planning and Statistics Office); MRD (Ministry of Resources and Development); MEC (Marshalls Energy Company); OEPPC (Office of Environmental Planning and Policy Coordination); O&M (Operations and Maintenance); CMI (College of the Marshall Islands).